=Chronology=, and the =ancient Egyptian Year=. The Calendars of Lucky and Unlucky Days indicate that in very early times the Egyptian Year consisted of 12 months each of 30 days, _i.e._, that the primitive year contained 360 days. Whether the Egyptians ever tried to use the lunar year of 354 days there is no evidence to show. Now the progress of the seasons would, in a few years, soon convince those who used the =year= of =360 days= that their year did not agree with the solar year, and that it was too short, and they would be obliged to add to its days in some way. The inscriptions prove that even at so early a period as the reign of Pepi II of the VIth dynasty, the Egyptians were in the habit of adding =five days= each year to their year of 360 days, and that before B.C. 3000 the year in common use contained =365 days=. These “five days” are known as “the days over the year” 𓆳𓁷𓐰𓂋𓅱𓇳𓐰𓐃, or 𓇳𓐰𓏦𓏾𓁷𓐰𓂋𓅱𓇯𓐰𓏥𓆳𓏏𓐰𓏤, or “the =five epagomenal days=,” and they were said to be the days on which Osiris, Horus, Set, Isis, and Nephthys respectively were born. The primitive year of 360 days was divided into =three seasons=. The first season was =Shat=, or =Akhet=, 𓆷𓏏𓐰𓇳; it began about July 19 and ended about November 15, and corresponded practically with the period of the Inundation. The second season was =Pert= 𓉐𓐰𓂋𓐰𓏏𓐱𓇳; it began about November 15 and ended about March 15. The third season was =Shemu= 𓈚𓐰𓈗; it began about March 15 and ended about July 13. These seasons to the Egyptians represented roughly =Winter=, =Spring=, and =Summer=. Each season contained =four months=, which were in early times called the first, second, third, and fourth month of that season; in later times a name was given to each month. The following was the early calendar:— COPTIC NAME.[27] 𓇺𓐰𓏺𓆷𓏏𓐰𓇳, 1st Month of sowing THOTH. ⎫ 𓇺𓐰𓏻𓆷𓏏𓐰𓇳, 2nd ” ” PAOPHI. ⎪ Inundation time 𓇺𓐰𓏼𓆷𓏏𓐰𓇳, 3rd ” ” ATHYR. ⎪ and Winter. 𓇺𓐰𓏽𓆷𓏏𓐰𓇳, 4th ” ” CHOIAK. ⎭ 𓇺𓐰𓏺𓉐𓐰𓂋𓐰𓏏𓐱𓇳, 1st Month of growing TYBI. ⎫ 𓇺𓐰𓏻𓉐𓐰𓂋𓐰𓏏𓐱𓇳, 2nd ” ” MECHIR. ⎪ Spring. 𓇺𓐰𓏼𓉐𓐰𓂋𓐰𓏏𓐱𓇳, 3rd ” ” PHAMENOTH. ⎪ 𓇺𓐰𓏽𓉐𓐰𓂋𓐰𓏏𓐱𓇳, 4th ” ” PHARMUTHI. ⎭ 𓇺𓐰𓏺𓈚𓐰𓈗[28], 1st Month of inundation PACHONS. ⎫ 𓇺𓐰𓏻𓈚𓐰𓈗, 2nd ” ” PAYNI. ⎪ Summer. 𓇺𓐰𓏼𓈚𓐰𓈗, 3rd ” ” EPIPHI. ⎪ 𓇺𓐰𓏽𓈚𓐰𓈗, 4th ” ” MESORE. ⎭