A guide to the Egyptian collections in the British MuseumBritish Museum. Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities
History
A guide to the Egyptian collections in the British Museum
British Museum. Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities
Egypt -- Antiquities
The other kings of this dynasty, =Ḥen-Nekhtor=, =Sa-Nekht=,
=Tcheser-Tetȧ=, =Setches=, and =Nefer-ka-Rā Ḥuni= were unimportant; the
last named is mentioned in the famous Book of Moral Precepts known as
the =Prisse Papyrus=, where he is said to have been the predecessor of
the great king Seneferu. With the ending of the IIIrd dynasty the period
of Egyptian History called the =Archaïc Period= closes. During these
dynasties civilization had advanced greatly in Egypt. The habitations
of the living were now built of brick, with wooden roofs supported on
pillars; and the dead were provided with stone-built tombs, called
=maṣṭabas=, in which they were laid at full length, instead of in
contracted positions. The =art= of =writing= had been introduced, and
the beginning of the hieroglyphic system invented. Sculptors and metal
workers had attained considerable skill, and potters had learned how
to apply glaze. The progress made during the Archaïc Period can be
successfully studied by the visitor from the valuable collection of
objects exhibited in Table-case L in the Second Egyptian Room, and
in the Wall-cases on the Landing of the North-West Staircase. Special
attention should be given to the =green slate shields=, sculptured in
relief with hunting scenes, and to the fine display of =vases= and
=bowls=, in diorite, granite, porphyry, jasper, breccia, limestone,
alabaster, etc., in Wall-cases 137-142, 194-204, in the Fourth Egyptian
Room. To the same period probably belong:—1. The portion of a sculptured
stele, with the Horus name of a king, which was found at Wâdî Maghârah
in the Peninsula of Sinai (Egyptian Vestibule, No. =2=). 2. The very
interesting red granite statue, of a most archaïc character, of
=Betchmes=, a royal kinsman and axeman who was attached to the body-guard
of the king (Egyptian Vestibule, No. =3=). 3. The text on a limestone
slab in which the hieroglyphics are not divided by lines (Egyptian
Vestibule, No. =4=). 4. Relief from the tomb of Suten-ȧbu (Egyptian
Vestibule, No. =5=).
[Illustration: Relief from the tomb of Suten-ȧbu.
IIIrd or IVth dynasty, B.C. 3700.
[Vestibule, South Wall, No. 5.]]
Fourth Dynasty. From Memphis.
_About_ B.C. 3733.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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