The =equipment= of the soldier of the Ancient Empire was simple. He wore a sort of skull =cap=, of leather(?), with a feather or two stuck in the top; he fought with a =club= 𓌉, or =mace=, and a =bow= 𓌔, carrying his =flint-tipped arrows= in a leather quiver slung over his back, and he caught the blows and arrows of his foe on a large =leathern shield=, which was sometimes ornamented with the badge of his master or his family. At a later period he wore a =leathern shirt= to protect his body, and he added to his arms a long =spear=, a knife, or =dagger=, with a curved blade 𓌛𓑀, and sometimes a =battle-axe=. The equipment of the mercenaries of a still later period differed in many details from that of the native Egyptian. (For examples of bows, arrows, daggers, spears, etc., see Table-case B in the Third Egyptian Room.) The =horse= and =chariot= were unused in Egypt before the kings of the XVIIIth dynasty began to make conquests in Western Asia. At a comparatively early period the Egyptians began to fortify their towns with walls and strong gates, and in the XIIth dynasty King Usertsen III erected a series of =forts= in the Second Cataract to prevent the Nubians from descending the river and laying Egypt waste. One strong fort was built near Buhen (Wâdî Ḥalfah), another on the island now called Jazîrat al-Malik, one at Semnah, and another exactly opposite at Kummah. The walls were built of mud bricks, many feet thick, and long slopes cased with stone were built against them. Within each enclosure were series of chambers for storehouses and barracks, and at one corner a small temple, dedicated to the chief god of the district. Another series of forts was built on the frontier between the north-east line of the Delta and Syria, generally of great strength. The geographical position of Egypt made it unnecessary for her to possess a =navy=, and, moreover, the peasants were as little fitted to become sailors as soldiers. The most important sea-fight in which the Egyptians took part was the engagement in which Rameses III (B.C. 1200, or later) vanquished the confederation of Libyan tribes. This king built war-ships, and manned them with crews from the seafaring peoples of the Mediterranean, and he succeeded in gaining a signal victory by sea and land over his enemies. CHAPTER VII. EGYPTIAN RELIGION. EARLY BELIEF IN SPIRITS, FETISHES, COMPANIES OF GODS. THE WORD FOR GOD AND “GOD.” LIST OF GODS. POLYTHEISM. ONENESS OF GOD. LEGENDS OF THE GODS. OSIRIS AND THE RESURRECTION. THE JUDGMENT. THE OTHER WORLD. DOCTRINE OF RETRIBUTION. AMULETS.