A guide to the Egyptian collections in the British MuseumBritish Museum. Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities
History
A guide to the Egyptian collections in the British Museum
British Museum. Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities
Egypt -- Antiquities
At Heliopolis, the On of the Bible, the priests proclaimed the existence
of three Companies of the gods. The first Company was called the “Great”
𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓉻𓏏, the second the “Little” 𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓅪𓏏, and the third had no
special title; these Companies represented the gods of heaven, earth,
and the Other World respectively. When all three companies were invoked
they were represented thus: 𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹𓊹. The gods of
the Great Company were: Temu, Shu, Tefnut, Seb, Nut, Osiris, Isis, Set,
Nephthys; Khenti-Ȧmenti, Rā, Horus, and Uatchit were sometimes added. The
gods of the Little Company were: Rā, Ȧm-Ȧnnu, Ȧm-Āntchet, Ȧm-Ḥet-Serqet,
Ȧm-neter-ḥet, Ȧm-ḥetch-paār, Ȧm-Saḥ, Ȧm-Ṭep, Ȧm-Ḥet-ur-Rā, Ȧm-Unnu-resu,
and Ȧm-Unnu-meḥt.
The common Egyptian word for God and god is NETER 𓈖𓏏𓂋, which is
symbolized by the sign 𓊹; goddess is NETERT 𓈖𓏏𓂋𓏏𓆇; the plurals are
NETERU 𓊹𓊹𓊹 or 𓈖𓏏𓂋𓅱𓀭𓏪 “gods,” and NETERIT 𓈖𓏏𓂋𓇌𓏏𓆗𓏪 “goddesses.” The
original meaning of the word NETER is unknown, but in the Dynastic Period
it probably meant “high, exalted, sublime, divine, godlike,” etc.
The following are some of the principal gods and goddesses, and the
visitor will find an unrivalled series of figures of most of them in
bronze, wood, stone, etc., exhibited in Wall-cases 119-132 in the Third
Egyptian Room. Full descriptions will be found in the _Guide to the Third
and Fourth Egyptian Rooms_, pp. 116-168:—
ȦSȦR, Osiris, 𓁹𓊨𓀭, the man-god who rose from the dead, was
deified, and became the king of the Other World and judge of
the Dead.
ȦST, Isis, 𓊨𓏏𓆇, the sister-wife of Osiris.
SET 𓋴𓏏𓈜𓁣, the principle of Evil, and opponent of Osiris.
NEBT-ḤET, Nephthys, 𓏏𓆇𓁐, the wife of Set.
ȦNPU, Anubis, 𓇋𓈖𓊪𓅱, the Dog-god, or Jackal-god, son of Set.
ȦP-UAT 𓄋𓊪𓏴𓈐𓏏𓏦, the Wolf-god, a friend and companion of
Osiris.
ḤERU, Horus, 𓅃𓏤𓀭, existed in several forms, _e.g._, Horus
the Elder (Arouëris), Horus the Blind, Horus the Child
(Harpokrates), Horus, son of Osiris, Horus, son of Isis, etc.
NU 𓏍𓇯𓀭, god of the primeval watery mass out of which the world
was made.
ḤĀPI 𓎛𓂝𓊪𓏭𓈘𓈗𓀭, the Nile-god.
KHEPERȦ 𓐍𓊪𓆣𓂋𓇋𓀭, the creator of the universe whose dwelling was
Nu.
TEḤUTI, Thoth, 𓅝𓏏𓏭𓀭, who created the world and all things
in it by a word.
KHNEMU 𓎸𓅓𓅱𓀭, who assisted in carrying out the work of creation.
PTAḤ 𓊪𓏏𓎛𓀭, who assisted Khnemu in the work of creation.
RĀ 𓂋𓂝𓇳𓏤𓀭, the Sun-god.
SEB (ḲEB) 𓅬𓃀, the Earth-god.
SHU 𓆄𓅱𓀭, the god of the air.
ḤET-ḤERU, Hathor, 𓉡, a sky-goddess, who existed in seven forms.
NUT 𓏌𓏏𓇯𓁐, a sky-goddess.
TEFNUT 𓏏𓆑𓏌𓏏𓁐, a rain-goddess.
NEKHEBIT 𓇑𓏌𓏏𓁐, the great goddess of the South.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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