The later order, directed to the _Kuratoren_ of Prussian universities, requires that as soon as possible the above courses be supplemented by summer ones, lasting about four weeks and devoted solely to the subject of games and athletic sports (_Volks- und Jugendspiele und volkstümliche Übungen_). It was recommended that they cover from fifty to sixty hours altogether, including from four to six lectures on the value of games and athletic sports, about eight on theory and method, eight hours devoted to practice in teaching or directing, and the rest to practical exercises. The courses may be compressed within four weeks, or made to occupy two or three hours each on two afternoons a week and spread over an entire summer semester, thus interfering less with the student’s other work. In many cases admission has been granted to students in the departments of medicine, theology, and law, as well as to those enrolled in the department of philosophy and preparing directly for the examination for a state certificate as teacher of physical education. Hereafter the full certificate is to be granted only to those who have completed both winter and summer courses. [Illustration: FIG. 27.—The Prussian _Landesturnanstalt_ at Spandau.] [Illustration: FIG. 28.—Gymnasium of the _Realschule_ at Gross-Lichterfelde, near Berlin.] In spite of all this progress, there was at the beginning of 1913 no professorship of physical education in any German university, although the establishment of such a chair had been proposed at the University of Giessen. The Prussian cabinet order of June 6, 1842, had “formally recognized bodily exercises as a necessary and indispensable part of male education.” A ministerial circular of February 4, 1844, sent out to the provincial school authorities, directed that in towns and cities indoor and outdoor space should be provided for gymnastics at all higher schools (_Gymnasien, höhere Stadtschulen_) and training-colleges for teachers (_Schullehrer-Seminaren_), in order that the exercises might be practised uninterruptedly throughout the year. Instruction was to be in the hands of some regular member of the teaching staff who gave only part of his time to this branch, rather than one who taught no other subject. The exercises were to come as a rule on the half-holiday afternoons of Wednesday and Saturday, or under certain conditions they might be given daily during the hour following the afternoon session. It was left to his parent or guardian to decide whether or not any pupil should participate. Certificates of graduation from the schools were to note whether and with what success use had been made of the instruction in gymnastics. A later order (November 27, 1866) extended this last provision to cover semester reports as well.