An order of September 10, 1860, reveals the intention of the ministry to introduce gymnastics into _all_ schools for boys and young men, from the elementary or folkschool to the university.[81] Special short courses at training colleges for teachers, to reach those already in service, are recommended as a means of filling the immediate need of competent instruction, which will later be cared for by the regular graduates. The indifference of many members of the teaching body in higher schools is rebuked, together with the excessive number of excuses from attendance, but attention is also called to praiseworthy progress made at other institutions where the new movement receives earnest and sympathetic support. University authorities are advised to furnish their students with facilities for continuing habits of bodily activity, and reminded of the advantage to the state if those who are to be leaders in church and school affairs are given an opportunity here to become familiar with a branch of education which they may later be called upon to oversee or inspect. Early in 1862 an official “Manual for Instruction in Gymnastics in the Prussian Elementary Schools” was published, replaced by a “New Manual” in the summer of 1868. This latter was again revised in 1895.[82] By ministerial order of June 4, 1862, such instruction is declared to be an integral part of the course for males in schools of this grade (_Volksschule_), and attendance at the exercises is made compulsory. Suitable grounds and the equipment called for by the Manual must be provided. Teachers are prepared in training colleges (_Seminare_), where special attention is given to actual handling of classes in model schools, choosing and arranging suitable material for the different grades from the official manual, and in the senior class to instruction in methods, the installation of apparatus, the recent history of physical education, the hygiene of exercise, and first aid. The apparatus mentioned in the official manual of 1895 includes wooden and iron wands, long jumping rope, jump stands and jumping board, balance beam, climbing ropes and poles, ladders, adjustable horizontal bar, and parallel bars. It recommends enough fixed apparatus so that four pupils can exercise at a time. In its one hundred and fifty pages are described a variety of marching and free exercises, and exercises with the different forms of apparatus just mentioned, and in conclusion sixteen selected running games and seven ball games. Beyond outlining the general plan of each lesson, calling attention to the need of orderly progression throughout the year, and indicating which of the exercises are intended for the upper grades, the manual offers no direct assistance to the teacher in laying out his course, _i.e._, it contains no tables showing sample lessons and no series of exercises arranged in order of increasing difficulty.