A guide to the history of physical educationLeonard, Fred Eugene
History
A guide to the history of physical education
Leonard, Fred Eugene
Physical education and training; Physical education and training -- History
The men in attendance are for the most part young army and navy officers
who have received orders to take the course. The balance consists of
non-commissioned officers in the army and of young men in civil life. All
must have passed such an examination as would entitle them to admission
into one of the national universities; they must also possess a sound
constitution and some aptitude for gymnastic exercises, and for all
but physicians the age limit is thirty years. Young women must present
certificates which would allow them to enter the national Higher Normal
School for Women. There are no charges for tuition in any of the courses,
and foreigners are admitted to them within certain limits. The total
number of men present at any one time is commonly about sixty, and the
women, formerly not half so numerous, are now rapidly approaching the
same figure. During the autumn of 1900 there were in the student body
two men from Greece and one each from Norway, Denmark, Finland, and the
United States, while Russia, Holland, and England were represented among
the women.
[Illustration: FIG. 41.—Class of Women Students at the Stockholm Central
Institute.]
[Illustration: FIG. 42.—Class of Schoolboys at the Stockholm Central
Institute.]
Work begins on Monday morning and continues through Saturday afternoon,
as in other Swedish schools, for Sunday is the only holiday. The
theoretical courses come at nine and at one o’clock, and the practical
courses at seven, eleven, and two. At ten o’clock three hundred boys
from the New Elementary School (it is a higher school, in spite of the
name) visit the Institute to receive their gymnastic lesson in three
of the large halls, affording material for practice in teaching, and
further opportunity is given at three, when two hundred more arrive
from the Jakobs Secondary School. The hours from eight to nine and
twelve to one are free, and there are no exercises after four o’clock.
The theoretical courses of the first-year men include: (1) Lectures and
recitations on the anatomy of the bones, ligaments, and muscles (three
times a week through the year); (2) the physiology of the circulation and
of the organs of nutrition, including respiration (twice a week during
the second semester); (3) the theory of school gymnastics, covering the
discussion of the various positions and movements, the commands employed
and the common faults observed, the arrangement of exercises in a lesson,
and progression in each lesson and from day to day (twice a week through
the year); (4) military gymnastics (twice a week during the first
semester), and (5) the theory of fencing (twice a week through the year).
There is one hour of practical instruction each day in school gymnastics,
another in fencing with foils, and a third in fencing with saber and
bayonet, together with daily practice in teaching under the supervision
of the director and members of his staff. The five hundred boys who come
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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