Each of the four systems or sorts of physical training brought forward for trial during the decade whose middle point was 1830 had been adopted by one or more institutions of college rank. Under Follen’s guidance Harvard students were introduced to the Jahn gymnastics in the spring of 1826 (pp. 235-237), and other outdoor gymnasia of the Hasenheide type were prepared soon afterwards at Yale, Amherst, Williams, Brown (pp. 245-247), and Bowdoin (p. 249). In “A Memorial of the Class of 1827, Dartmouth College,” written by Jonathan Fox Worcester (Second edition, Hanover, N. H., 1867), there is also mention of “the interest awakened, during the latter part of our career, in the subject of physical education; the gymnastic apparatus set up behind the ‘College’ in 1826, by the students themselves ...; the cricket clubs which covered the green the next spring, adding this excellent game to our previous list of modes of exercise....” Manual labor, combined with study, played a large part in many sections of the country, and particularly in new colleges founded while that movement was at its height. Norwich University made military exercises and long marches on foot a regular part of the course, under Captain Partridge, its first president (1835-1843); and Mount Holyoke College, chartered as Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, opened in 1837 with both domestic work and “calisthenics” included in its plan. The latter was more properly dancing steps, accompanied by singing.[239] In the fifties there were many signs of a reviving interest in gymnastics as a means of exercise, culminating at the end of the decade in the erection of brick or stone gymnasia at Harvard, Yale, and Amherst colleges, at a cost of approximately $10,000 each. In the “Catalogue of the University of Virginia—Session of 1851-1852” (Richmond, 1852), following the list of “Faculty, Instructors and Officers” and the name of the “University Hotelkeeper,” is the note: “Gymnastics are taught under the authority of the Faculty, by Mr. J. E. D’Alfonce.”[240] The Board of Visitors reported in 1852 that they “have read with pleasure that J. E. D’Alfonce proposes to give instruction in that subject (gymnastics), and hereby renew the permission formally given for a site on the University grounds for a gymnasium, and are disposed to offer proper facilities....” John S. Patton, in Chapter XXII of his “Jefferson, Cabell and the University of Virginia” (New York and Washington, The Neale Publishing Co., 1906), says that “the gymnasium authorized by the Visitors was erected on the site of the present Academic Building, and on the banks of the little stream nearby was built a house for Russian baths. Both enterprises were directed by D’Alfonce, but fell into disuse during the Civil War, when the buildings were destroyed. As a teacher the Frenchman is said to have been unusually successful....”