A guide to the history of physical educationLeonard, Fred Eugene
History
A guide to the history of physical education
Leonard, Fred Eugene
Physical education and training; Physical education and training -- History
bring into action one or more sets of muscles, and all can be adjusted to
the capacity of a child or of an athlete....”
[Illustration: FIG. 79.—Harvard University: Hemenway Gymnasium (1885).]
According to the university catalogue published in 1880, “The attendance
is voluntary, and the system adopted is one designed to meet the special
wants of each individual. Realizing the great diversity in age, size,
and strength, as well as in health, of the students who attend the
University, the Director makes no attempt to group them into classes
which pursue the same course of exercises. Upon entering the University,
each student is entitled to an examination by the Director, in which
his physical proportions are measured, his strength tested, his heart
and lungs examined, and information is solicited concerning his general
health and inherited tendencies. From the data thus procured, a special
order of appropriate exercises is made out for each student, with
specifications of the movements and apparatus which he may best use.
After working on this prescription for three to six months, the student
is entitled to another examination, by which the results of his work are
ascertained, and the Director (is) enabled to make a further prescription
for his individual case.”[263]
[Illustration: FIG. 80.—Harvard University: Hemenway Gymnasium (1885).]
A “Handbook of Developing Exercises” was printed in 1882, and a revised
and enlarged edition, with illustrations, in 1889. The skeleton
Anthropometric Chart (percentile) described in _Scribner’s Magazine_ for
July, 1887 (II: 3-17), had been issued the year before, and in 1893 table
charts were ready, “designed to show the distribution of any American
community as to physical power and proportions,” and ranging “from ten
to twenty-six years of age for either sex, there being one for each
age, except that the ages from twenty-two to twenty-six for men, and
from eighteen to twenty-six for women are combined.” In this same year
the life-size statues of typical American students, man and woman, were
exhibited at the World’s Fair in Chicago.
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