Standing at the very end of this period of the Renaissance and the Reformation is _John Milton_ (1608-1674), whose _Tractate on Education_ (1644), though not of great value in itself, is yet deserving of mention here because it associates a form of bodily exercise with mental and moral training. In his model school, intended to bring up gentlemen’s sons “to perform justly, skilfully, and magnanimously, all the offices both private and public, of peace and war,” he would have the young men, between the ages of twelve and twenty-one, live together in barracks, like the Spartan youth. “About an hour and a half ere they eat at noon should be allowed them for exercise, and due rest afterwards; but the time for this may be enlarged at pleasure.... The exercise which I commend first is exact use of their weapon, to guard and to strike safely with edge or point; this will keep them healthy, nimble, strong, and well in breath; is also the likeliest means to make them grow large and tall, and to inspire them with a gallant and fearless courage.... They must be also practised in all the locks and gripes of wrestling, wherein Englishmen were wont to excel, as need may often be in fight to tug or grapple, and to close....” About two hours before supper they are to be called out for their military motions under sky or covert; “first on foot, then, as their age permits, on horseback, to all the art of cavalry; that, having in sport, but much exactness, and daily muster, served out the rudiments of their soldiership ... they may as it were out of a long war, come forth renowned and perfect commanders in the service of their country.” BIBLIOGRAPHY. R. H. Quick, “Essays on Educational Reformers.” New York, D. Appleton & Co., 1890. F. P. Graves, “A History of Education during the Middle Ages and the Transition to Modern Times.” New York, The Macmillan Co., 1910. Foster Watson, “Notices of Some Early English Writers on Education, with Descriptions, Extracts, and Notes.” In annual Reports of the United States Commissioner of Education for 1900-01 (I: 861-884), 1902 (I: 481-508), 1903 (I: 319-350), and 1904 (I: 633-701). W. H. Woodward, “Studies in Education during the Age of the Renaissance (1400-1600).” Cambridge (England), at the University Press, 1906. W. H. Woodward, “Vittorino da Feltre and Other Humanist Educators: Essays and Versions.” Cambridge (England), at the University Press, 1897. Wilhelm Krampe, “Die italienischen Humanisten und ihre Wirksamkeit für die Wiederbelebung gymnastischer Pädagogik. Ein Beitrag zur allgemeinen Geschichte der Jugenderziehung und der Leibesübungen.” Breslau, W. G. Korn, 1895. O. Richter, “Die Ansichten und Bestrebungen italienischer Humanisten auf dem Gebiete der Leibeserziehung. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Leibesübungen.” In _Monatsschrift für das Turnwesen_ 14 (1895); 98-107, 139-149, 193-200, and 262-270. Berlin, R. Gaertners Verlagsbuchhandlung.