GUIDE TO THE STUDY OF FISHES [Illustration: VARIATIONS IN THE COLOR OF FISHES The Oniokose or Demon Stinger, _Inimicus japonicus_ (Cuv. and Val.), from Wakanoura, Japan. From nature by Kako Morita. Surface coloration about lava rocks. Coloration of specimens living among red algæ. Coloration in deep water; _Inimicus aurantiacus_ (Schlegel). ] A GUIDE TO THE STUDY OF FISHES BY DAVID STARR JORDAN _President of Leland Stanford Junior University_ _With Colored Frontispieces and 507 Illustrations_ IN TWO VOLUMES VOL II. "I am the wiser in respect to all knowledge and the better qualified for all fortunes for knowing that there is a minnow in that brook."—_Thoreau_ [Illustration] NEW YORK HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY 1905 Copyright, 1905 BY HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY Published March, 1905 CONTENTS VOL. II. CHAPTER I. THE GANOIDS. PAGE Subclass Actinopteri.—The Series Ganoidei.—Are the Ganoids a 1 Natural Group?—Systematic Position of Lepidosteus.—Gill on the Ganoids as a Natural Group. CHAPTER II. THE GANOIDS (_Continued_). Classification of Ganoids.—Order Lysopteri.—The Palæoniscidæ.—The 13 Platysomidæ.—The Dorypteridæ.—The Dictyopygidæ.—Order Chondrostei.—Order Selachostomi: the Paddle-fishes.—Order Pycnodonti.—Order Lepidostei.—Family Lepisosteidæ.—Embryology of the Garpike.—Fossil Garpikes.—Order Halecomorphi.—Pachycormidæ.— The Bowfins: Amiidæ.—The Oligopleuridæ. CHAPTER III. ISOSPONDYLI. The Subclass Teleostei, or Bony Fishes.—Order Isospondyli.—The 37 Classification of the Bony Fishes.—Relationships of Isospondyli.—The Clupeoidea.—The Leptolepidæ.—The Elopidæ.—The Albulidæ.—The Chanidæ.—The Hiodontidæ.—The Pterothrissidæ.—The Ctenothrissidæ.—The Notopteridæ.—The Clupeidæ.—The Dorosomatidæ.—The Engraulididæ.—Gonorhynchidæ.—The Osteoglossidæ.—The Pantodontidæ. CHAPTER IV. SALMONIDÆ.