Scarcely less numerous are the species of the Pacific Coast of America. _Pimelometopon pulcher_, the redfish or fathead of southern California, reaches a length of two feet or more. It abounds in the broad band of giant kelp which lines the California coast and is a food-fish of much importance. The female is dull crimson. In the male the head and tail are black and on the top of the head is developed with age a great adipose hump. A similar hump is found on the adult of several other large labroids. Similar species on the coast of South America, differing in color and size of scales, are _Pimelometopon darwini_, _Trochocopus opercularis_, and _Bodianus diplotænia_. The señorita, _Oxyjulis californica_, is a dainty cream-colored little fish of the California coast, _Halichœres semicinctus_, the kelpfish, light olive, the male with a blue shoulder bar, is found in southern California. On the west coast of Mexico are numerous species of _Thalassoma_, _Halichœres_, _Pseudojulis_, _Xyrichthys_ and _Iniistius_, all different from the corresponding species in the West Indies, and equally different from the much greater variety found in Hawaii and in Samoa. About the Polynesian and West Indian islands abound a marvelous wealth of forms of every shade and pattern of bright colors—blue, green, golden, scarlet, crimson, purple—as if painted on with lavish hand and often in the most gaudy pattern, although at times laid on with the greatest delicacy. The most brilliant species belong to _Thalassoma_ and _Julis_, the most delicately colored to _Stethojulis_ and _Cirrhilabrus_. In _Gomphosus_ the snout is prolonged on a long slender tube. In _Cheilio_ the whole body is elongate. In _Iniistius_ the first two dorsal spines form a separate fin, the forehead being sharp as in _Xyrichthys_. Other widely distributed genera are _Anampses_, _Lepidaplois_, _Semicossyphus_, _Duymæria_, _Platyglossus_, _Pseudolabrus_, _Hologymnosus_, _Macropharyngodon_, _Coris_, _Julis_, _Hemipteronotus_, _Novaculichthys_, _Cheilinus_, _Hemigymnus_, and _Cymolutes_. _Halichœres_ is as abundant in the East Indies as in the West, one of its species _Halichœres pæcilopterus_ being common as far north as Hakodate in Japan. In this species as in a few others the sexes are very different in color, although in most species no external sexual differences of any sort appear. In the East Indian genus, _Pseudocheilinus_, the eye is very greatly modified. The cornea is thickened, forming two additional lens-like structures. The small family of _Odacidæ_ differs from the Labridæ in having in each jaw a sharp cutting edge without distinct teeth anteriorly, the pharyngeal teeth being pavement-like. The scales are small, very much smaller than in the _Scaridæ_, the body more elongate, and the structure of the teeth different. The species are mostly Australian, _Odax balteatus_ being the most abundant. It is locally known as kelpfish.