A Guide to the Study of Fishes, Volume 2 (of 2)Jordan, David Starr
History
A Guide to the Study of Fishes, Volume 2 (of 2)
Jordan, David Starr
Fishes; Fishes -- Bibliography; Zoology -- History
FIG. 357.—Puffer, inflated, _Spheroides spengleri_ (Bloch). Wood's
Hole, Mass.
]
[Illustration:
FIG. 358.—Puffer, _Spheroides maculatus_ (Schneider). Noank, Conn.
]
In _Tetraodon_ the nasal tentacle is without distinct opening, its tip
being merely spongy. The species of this genus are even more inflatable
and are often strikingly colored, the young sometimes having the belly
marked by concentric stripes of black which disappear with age.
_Tetraodon hispidus_ abounds in estuaries and shallow bays from Hawaii
to India. In Hawaii, it is regarded as the most poisonous of all fishes
(muki-muki) and it is said that its gall was once used to poison arrows.
_Tetraodon fahaka_ is a related species, the first known of the family.
It is found in the Nile. _Tetraodon lacrymatus_, black with white spots,
is common in Polynesia. _Tetraodon aërostaticus_, with black spots, is
frequently taken in Japan, and _Tetraodon setosus_ is frequent on the
west coast of Mexico. This species is subject to peculiar changes of
color. Normally dark brown, with paler spots, it is sometimes deep blue,
sometimes lemon-yellow and sometimes of mixed shades. Specimens showing
these traits were obtained about Clarion Island of the Revillagigedos.
No _Tetraodon_ occurs in the West Indies. _Colomesus psittacus_, a river
fish of the northern part of South America, resembles _Spheroides_, but
shows considerable difference in the skull.
[Illustration:
FIG. 359.—_Tetraodon meleagris_ (Lacépède). Riu Kiu Islands.
]
But few fossil _Tetraodontidæ_ have been recognized. These are referred
to _Tetraodon_. The earliest is _Tetraodon pygmæus_ from Monte Bolca.
The _Chonerhinidæ_ of the East Indies are globefishes having the dorsal
and anal fins very long, the vertebræ more numerous (12 + 17),
twenty-nine in number. _Chonerhinus naritus_ inhabits the rivers of
Sumatra and Java.
The little family of _Tropidichthyidæ_ is composed of small globefishes,
with a sharply-keeled back, and the nostrils almost, or quite, wanting.
The teeth are as in the _Tetraodontidæ_. The skeleton differs
considerably from that of _Spheroides_, apparently justifying their
separation as a family. The species are all very small, three to six
inches in length, and prettily colored. In the West Indies
_Tropidichthys rostratus_ is found. _Tropidichthys solandri_ abounds in
the South Seas, dull orange with blue spots. _Tropidichthys rivulatus_
is common in Japan and several ether species are found in Hawaii.
[Illustration:
FIG. 360.—Bristly Globefish, _Tetraodon setosus_ Rosa Smith. Clarion
Island, Mex.
]
Other species occur on the west coast of Mexico, in Polynesia, and in
the East Indies.
[Illustration:
FIG. 361.—Porcupine-fish, _Diodon hystrix_ (Linnæus). Tortugas
Islands.
]
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