A Hand-book of Precious StonesRothschild, Meyer D.
Science
A Hand-book of Precious Stones
Rothschild, Meyer D.
Precious stones
During the past few years, large quantities of moonstone balls, cut
like whole pearls, have been used for jewelry—the stones being much
sought as well because of their beauty as on the ground of the popular
superstition that they will bring good luck to the wearer.
Small pieces or balls are not very valuable, but large perfect
specimens command a good price.
SUNSTONE.
(AVANTURINE FELSPAR.)
Sunstone or avanturine felspar is a variety of oligoclase;
grayish-white to reddish-gray in color, usually the latter; containing
minute crystals of hematite, göthite or mica, which are imbedded and
scattered through the stone, and give forth golden-yellow, reddish, or
prismatic reflections. The hardness is 6 to 7, specific gravity 2.56 to
2.72, and lustre pearly or waxy to vitreous.
Sunstones are found near Stockholm, in Finland, the Urals, Ceylon, the
Alps, Iceland, the United States, and other places.
AMAZON STONE.
(GREEN FELSPAR.)
The Amazon stone is a green variety of felspar, which was first found
on the banks of the Amazon River, but now comes from Siberia and the
United States. This stone consists of potash, alumina, and silex—is
green in color but rarely clean, being discolored in places and usually
covered with small white spots.
The Amazon stone is harder than glass, but is scratched by rock
crystal. Its specific gravity is 2.5 to 2.6; acids do not affect it,
and it melts with difficulty before the blow-pipe.
LABRADORITE.
Labrador stone or labradorite is sometimes known as opaline felspar,
and was first discovered on the island of St. Paul on the coast of
Labrador.
Labradorite is translucent to opaque, gray-green or brown in color, and
has beautiful chatoyant reflections of brilliant blue, sea-green,
and sometimes red and yellow, changing from one color to another.
Labradorite is 6 in hardness, has a specific gravity of 2.62 to 2.76; a
vitreous to pearly lustre, is brittle, fuses with difficulty before the
blow-pipe, and is decomposed by muriatic acid. It is composed of:
Silica 52.9
Alumina 30.3
Lime 12.3
Soda 4.5
Large masses of this stone are found on the coast of Labrador. It
is also found in Finland, Russia, and the United States. Because of
the dark chatoyant appearance the name of œil de bœuf or ox-eye is
sometimes applied to labradorite. Handsome specimens, cut cabochon,
form pretty ring stones, and many effective engraved cameos have been
produced by using the bright portion for the relief work and the gray
dead part for the base.
CYANITE.
This stone is the transparent variety of disthene, and is sometimes
commercially known as sappare. Cyanite is colorless to bluish-white,
sky-blue, berlin blue, yellowish- and reddish-white, gray, and green.
The hardness is 5 to 7, specific gravity 3.45 to 3.70, lustre vitreous
and pearly; it is infusible before the blow-pipe, but fuses with borax;
is not attacked by acids, and is composed of:
Silica 36.8
Alumina 63.2
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