Skull shorter than in _Cynocephalus_; canine teeth very large; posterior lower molars with a large fifth cusp; upper molars with a large front talon; cranial crests strongly developed; nasal bones high, narrow, separate, and not fused together. The affinities of _T. gelada_ are more with _Cercopithecus_ than with _Cynocephalus_, and still less with _Macacus_. {278}YOUNG MALE.--Similar to the adult, but the mane shorter, and more curly; and the brown colour, wherever it occurs in the male, is lighter in colour. FEMALE.--Coloured like the young male, but smaller than the adult male, and with shorter hair, darker at the tips; hair longest between the shoulders; loins paler than in the male; nude chest and throat-spaces united into one, which is carunculated along its borders, and without white hairs along the margins; callosities carunculated. DISTRIBUTION.--Southern Abyssinia; in the provinces of Heremat and Godjan. HABITS.--The habits of the "Gelada," as it is named by the natives of its own country, are similar to those of the Baboons (_Cynocephalus_). They live in large companies, and when full-grown--the males especially--are very ferocious, pugnacious, and dangerous. It is a common habit of these animals to roll down stones from the rocky cliffs amid which they live, upon any approaching animal--the Arabian Baboon being an especial object of their animosity. Their food consists of all sorts of fruits, as well as grass, and the cultivated crops of the natives. They are chiefly found in barren rocky regions, ascending the mountains to an altitude of from 7,000 to 8,000 feet above the sea. II. THE DUSKY GELADA. THEROPITHECUS OBSCURUS. _Theropithecus obscurus_, Heuglin, Act. Acad. Leop., xxx., Nachtrag, p. 10 (1863); Schl., Mus. Pays Bas, vii., p. 107 (1876). _? Theropithecus senex_, Schimper et Puch., Rev. Zool., 1857, p. 244. {279}CHARACTERS.--Nearly allied to _T. gelada_, but distinguished by its darker colour, the flesh-coloured ring round the eyes, and the two naked spots on the chest at the base of the neck, surrounded by white hairs, extending to the inner side of the arm. Face naked, the chin thinly haired, the nose-pad situated behind the blunt and broad end of the muzzle; eyes small, set close together, deep sunk beneath the prominent overhanging frontal ridges; ears small; sides of the head entirely covered with woolly hair; mane long, soft, and thick. Length of body, 53 inches; tail, 26 inches. Face black, but with a broad flesh-coloured ring round each eye; scanty hairs on the chin white; top of head and back dark brown; mane on fore-neck and shoulders, arms, and hind part of the hands pure black; sides of head and neck, rump, and tail dirty ochre; naked spots on breast dark flesh-coloured, more vivid in passion; breast and inner side of fore-arm, and middle of chest white; rest of under surface pale brown. Callosities bluish-grey. FEMALE AND YOUNG.--Almost uniform fulvous, but the mane less marked.