DISTRIBUTION.--North-east Africa; on the eastern boundary of Abyssinia, near the sources of the Takazze river, on the confines of the Galla country. Dr. Blanford observed it also near Magdala. HABITS.--This large and "stately" Baboon, known to the natives as "Tokur-Sinjero" (or Black Baboon), lives in large troops in the high mountains of Abyssinia, at an altitude of from 6,000 to 10,000 feet. It is seldom seen among trees, but generally in open plains, or in inaccessible rocky cliffs, from which it hurls stones on anyone who dares to approach. {280}During the night these Baboons hide together in holes in the rocks, whence, on the return of the morning sun, they emerge and sit warming themselves, before starting on their marauding expeditions in the cultivated fields, or in the vegetation which clothes the sides of the deep valleys, where they feed largely on the leaves of the trees. Their disposition is, among themselves, harmless. As a rule two to six year old males lead with grave strides a herd of twenty to thirty females and young, the latter now playing with each other, and scampering about the troop, now carried by their mothers, and sometimes pinched and boxed on the ears by them. As soon as, but not before, the leader has assured himself of any danger, he utters a gentle bark, to which the whole troop responds and retreats back into safety among the rocks. The old males then stand on their hind-feet barking and displaying to the intruder their long white teeth. On their marauding expeditions, or when in flight, they do not usually exhibit great haste, the whole troop generally going in single file with an old Sultan bringing up the rear. Often several troops mingle together during the day, but at nightfall each returns to its own headquarters. Their cry is a sharp bark, but that of the old males is very hoarse. One of their great enemies is the Lämmergeier or Bearded Vulture. These observations have been extracted from the account given of this species by von Heuglin, who discovered it during his Abyssinian expedition in 1853. THE MALAYAN BABOONS. GENUS CYNOPITHECUS. _Cynopithecus_, Is. Geoffr., in Belanger's Voyage, p. 66 (1834). This genus has been constituted to include the single species {281}described below; the characters of the genus being thus, perforce, the same as those of the species. THE CELEBEAN BLACK BABOON. CYNOPITHECUS NIGER. _Cynocephalus niger_, Desm., Mamm., p. 534 (1820). _Macacus niger_, Bennett, Gard, and Menag. Zool. Soc., p. 189, with figure (1830); Schl., Mus. Pays Bas, vii., p. 119 (1876). _Cynopithecus niger_, Is. Geoffr., in Bélanger's Voyage, p. 66 (1834); Lesson, Quadrum., p. 101 (1840); Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 33 (1870). _Papio niger_ et _P. nigrescens_, Temm., Possess. Néerl. Ind., iii., p. 111 (1847). _Cynopithecus niger_, vel _nigrescens_, Wagner in Schreb., Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 61, tab. 6 (1855).