{20}The Tarsiers have nineteen dorsal and lumbar vertebræ together, and twenty-seven in the tail. The humerus presents a perforation (the entepicondylar foramen) at its lower inner side, and another nearly in the centre above the hinge. The femur is more than twice the length of the arm-bone; the lower half of the slender fibula is co-ossified with the tibia, while two of the tarsal, or ankle-bones (the _calcaneum_ and _naviculare_), are remarkably elongated, thus giving to the hind-limb of these animals the singular conformation from which they derive their name. The large intestine is not convoluted upon itself as in so many of the Lemurs, nor is there a cæcum at the junction of its smaller and larger portions. I. THE SPECTRAL TARSIER. TARSIUS TARSIUS. _Lemur tarsius_, Erxl., Syst. Regn. Anim., Mamm., p. 71 (1777). _Tarsius spectrum_, Geoffr., Ann. Mus., xix., p. 168 (1812); Dahlb., Studia, p. 231, tab. 11. _Lemur spectrum_, Pallas, Nova Sp. Glir. Ord., p. 275, note (1778). (_Plate II._) CHARACTERS.--On the upper lip, sides of nostrils, and over the eyes long, delicate black hairs (_vibrissæ_); hair on nose very short, longer in front of ears and at angles of mouth. Fur of body generally thick, woolly, the basal two thirds slate-grey, the terminal third brownish-yellow. Face to forehead fawn-brown, somewhat darker around and between the enormous liquid brown eyes. Top and back of head and shoulders of a more uniform and darker shade; rest of back apparently mottled, owing to the light-tipped hairs of that region gathering into locks. Under side of body, inside of arms and legs paler. Tail darker brown, rufous at base of upper side. Size not exceeding that of a small Rat. PLATE II. [Illustration: THE SPECTRAL TARSIER.] {21}DISTRIBUTION.--Found only in the jungles of the Malayan islands of Sumatra, Java, Banka, Billiton, and Borneo. II. THE DUSKY-HANDED TARSIER. TARSIUS FUSCUS. _? Lemur podje_, Kerr, Linn. Anim. Kingdom, p. 86 (1792). _Tarsius fuscus, s. fuscomanus_, Fischer, Anat. der Maki, pp. 3, 7 (1784). _Tarsius fuscomanus_, Geoffr., Ann. Mus., xix., p. 168 (1812); Max Weber, Zool. Ergebn. Reis. Nederl. Ost-Indien, iii., p. 264 (1893). _Tarsius fischeri_, Burm. Tarsius, pp. 29, 129 (1846). CHARACTERS.--Closely related to the preceding species in size and other characters, but distinguished by the colour of the hands, which are dark brown. DISTRIBUTION.--Inhabits the islands of the Indian Archipelago, farther to the eastward than those in which _Tarsius Tarsius_ is found. It has been recorded from Celebes, and the neighbouring groups of Salayer and Sanghir, and from some of the Philippine Islands, such as Bohol and Mindanao.