1. Homunculus patagonicus.+ 2. Anthropops perfectus.+ 3. Homocentrus argentinus.+ 4. Eudiastus lingulatus.+ {259}APPENDIX. During the passage of this volume through the press, a good deal of additional material has come into the author's hands, while the results of important recent explorations have also been published. The following appendix has, therefore, been added to include the latest additions to our knowledge of the Anthropoids dealt with in its pages. On page 82, the Talapoin (_Cercopithecus talapoin_) has been relegated to a group (and, indeed, it had been assigned by Geoffrey to a distinct genus--_Miopithecus_), in which it is the sole example on account of the supposed peculiarity of possessing but three tubercles on the posterior lower molar. A specimen which the author has recently examined shows that this character is not invariable, and the species should, therefore, in his opinion, be transferred to among the Green Guenons--Group II., CERCOPITHECI CHLORONOTI--and be placed next after the Tantalus Guenon on page 62. The extremely important collections made by his friend Dr. Forsyth Major during his adventurous explorations in Madagascar in the years 1894 to 1896--from which he has but just returned--have made it necessary to add on page 212 a new family to the _Anthropoidea_. In the marshes of Sirabé, in Central Madagascar, he discovered the fossil remains of a species of true monkey--a group hitherto unknown to occur in that island--which must have been a contemporary of the Æpyornis, the well-known giant moa-like ratite bird which once lived there, but is now extinct. The fragments so far recovered show that in this creature the orbits were directed straight forward and {260}were separated from the temporal fossæ by a bony wall. The lachrymal foramen was situated inside the margin of the orbit; the inner upper incisors were in contact in the middle line; the nasals were broad and concave in profile, while the facial contour, viewed from the side, was very high. The pattern of the molars closely agreed with that seen in the Guenons (_Cercopithecidæ_). "The nasals are broad," continues Dr. Major, "and so is the whole of the interorbital region, its transversal diameter almost equalling that of the orbits, and therefore exceeding that obtained in the genera of _Anthropoidea_, which show the maximum of external extension of the region (_Mycetes_, _Hylobates_, _Homo_)." This is about the only point in which the fossil approaches some of the _Lemuroidea_. The formula of its upper teeth is I 2, C 1, P 3, M 3 = 18, or that which has been found heretofore to be characteristic of the New World monkeys. "The three molars are each composed of four tubercles, the outer and inner pairs being placed opposite one another and connected together by transverse ridges. This is the pattern of the _Cercopithecidæ_; but, unlike the Old World monkeys, the molars decrease in size from before backwards" (_Major_).