In the lower jaw the formula appears to have been I 2, C 1, P 2, M 3 = 16. Hence "whilst the dental formula of the upper teeth agrees with that of the _Cebidæ_, it is quite peculiar in the lower jaw, and whilst the pattern of the molars is that of the _Cercopithecidæ_, the premolars differ alike from Old and New World monkeys.... These combined characters amply justify the establishment of a separate family of _Anthropoidea_ for the Malagasy fossil, intermediate in some respects between the South American _Cebidæ_ and the Old World _Cercopithecidæ_, besides presenting characters of its own." Dr. Forsyth Major has, therefore, proposed the new genus _Nesopithecus_ for the reception of this most remarkable monkey, under the new family of _Nesopithecidæ_. The discovery of _Nesopithecus roberti_, {261}as he has designated the species, suggests, as Dr. Major has set forth in the _Geological Magazine_ for October, 1896, page 436, "the following general conclusions:-- "(1) We may look forward in Continental Africa likewise for the discovery of Tertiary monkeys, intermediate between _Cebidæ_ and _Cercopithecidæ_. "(2) The recent African _Cercopithecidæ_ are not invaders from the North-East, as has been supposed; on the contrary, most, if not all, of the Tertiary monkeys of Europe and Asia are derived from the Ethiopian region. The home of a part at least of the _Anthropoidea_ seems to have been in the Southern Hemisphere. This assumption is corroborated by the two facts--that _Anthropoidea_ make their appearance for the first time in the later Tertiary of Europe and Asia, and that they are entirely absent from the Tertiary of North America." After the first paragraph on page 219, the discoveries of Dr. Eugene Dubois, made since these pages were written, necessitate the insertion of the following paragraphs.