_Simia silenus_, Linn., Syst. Nat., i., p. 35 (1766); Schreber, Säugeth., i., p. 87, pl. xi. (1775). _Cercopithecus veter_, Erxl., Syst. Regn. An., p. 24 (1777). _Simia ferox_, Shaw, Gen. Zool., i., p. 30, pl. xvi. (1800). _Papio silenus_, Geoffr., Ann. Mus., xix., p. 102 (1812); Kuhl, Beitr. Zool., p. 18 (1820). {19}_Macacus silenus_, Desm., Mamm., p. 63 (1820); Anders., Zool. Exped. Yun-nan, p. 93 (1878; with full synonymy); Blanford, Faun. Brit. Ind., Mamm., p. 16, fig. 5; Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 109 (1876). _Silenus veter_, Gray, Cat. Monkeys, Brit. Mus., p. 32 (1870). CHARACTERS.--Head round; muzzle wide; hair on top of the head very short; face surrounded by long hairs, concealing the ears, and meeting under the chin; ears naked; face, hands, feet, and callosities naked; tail slender, one-half to three-quarters the length of the body and tufted with hair. Length, 24 inches; tail, 10 inches. Skull rounded; muzzle wide in front, contracted at the base, concave beneath the orbits; orbital ridges large, and the frontal bone widely depressed behind them; pre-molars and molars small. The structure of this animal is essentially that of the ordinary Macaques, although it differs from them so much in external physiognomy. (_Anderson_). Body, limbs, and tail deep black; a ruff of long hairs round the head, darkish grey; chest greyish or white; tail tipped with greyish or white; face, hands, and feet black; callosities flesh-coloured. DISTRIBUTION.--"The Lion-tailed Macaque inhabits the Western Ghats from below Goa to Cape Comorin, but there is no authentic record of its existence in a wild state in Ceylon." (_Anderson._) It lives at a considerable altitude above the sea. HABITS.--This species, according to Jerdon (to whom, as Dr. Blanford observes, we are indebted for the only authentic account of this animal in a wild state), inhabits the most dense and unfrequented forests of the hills near the Malabar coast, in herds of from twelve to twenty or more. It is shy and wary. {20}In captivity it is sulky and savage, and not easily taught. The call of the male is said to resemble the voice of a Man. IX. HIMALAYAN MACAQUE. MACACUS ASSAMENSIS. _Macacus assamensis_, McClell.; Horsfield, P. Z. S., 1839, p. 148; Blyth, J. A. Soc. Beng., xiii., p. 746 (1844); Anderson, Zool. Exp. Yun-nan, p. 64 (1878; with synonymy); Blanford, Faun. Brit. Ind., Mamm., p. 15 (1888). _Macacus pelops_, Hodgs., J. A. S., Beng., ix., p. 1213 (1840); Gray, Cat. Monkeys, Brit. Mus., p. 30 (1870). _Macacus problematicus_, Gray, Cat. Monkeys, Brit. Mus., p. 128 (1870); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 222. _Macacus rheso-similis_, Scl., P. Z. S., 1872, p. 495, pl. xxv. (Juv.) _Macacus erythræus_, Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas., vii, p. 112 1876; (part).