_Inuus (Macacus) palpebrosus_, Wagner in Schreb. Säugeth, Suppl., v., p. 54 (1855). _Macacus fur_, Slack, Proc. Acad. Sc. Philad., 1867, p. 36, plate. _Macacus cristatus_, Gray, Cat. Monkeys, Brit. Mus., p. 30 (1870). _Macacus assamensis_, Gray, _t. c._, p. 31. _Cercocebus cynomologus_, Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 101 (1876). _Macacus cynomologus_, Anderson, Zool. Exped. Yun-nan, p. 73 (1878; with synonymy); Blanford, Faun. Brit. India Mamm., p. 21 (1891). CHARACTERS.--Body large and massive; head large and broad; legs short and stout; loins slender; hinder quarters heavy; tail thick at the root, nearly equalling the body in length; muzzle long; nose not prominent above the face; eyes large; ears erect, pointed, nearly hairless; frontal ridges not much overhanging the eyes. Face pale brown, or livid with a bluish-white patch internal {32}to the eyes, the eyelids bluish-white; ears, hands, and feet black; callosities bright or dusky flesh-colour; fur straight; hair of the crown not elongated, directed backwards, sometimes radiated or slightly crested; general colour of the upper surface dusky or greyish-brown, varying to reddish- or golden-brown; under surface of the body and inside of the limbs brownish-grey to white, the hairs being dark at their roots, and higher up ringed with yellow and brown or black; scrotum brown, blotched with livid blue. Length, 22 inches; tail, 19 inches. The females are smaller. Of this species there are several varieties or races, one in which the prominent colour is golden-rufous (_M. aureus_, Geoffr.); another (_M. carbonarius_, F. Cuv.) in which blackish-brown is the prevailing tint of the face, naked hands, feet, and callosities; a third race has a light yellow fur (_M. cristatus_, Gray); still another (_M. philippensis_), from the Philippine Islands, is nearly white. DISTRIBUTION.--This species is one of the most widely distributed of all the Macaques. The more typical specimens are found in Burmah and Arakan. In Siam a pale variety with less orange in the annulations of its hairs occurs. In the Nicobar Islands (perhaps introduced as Dr. Blanford suggests), in the Malay Peninsula, and in Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombock, and Timor, the darker (or _M. carbonarius_) variety seems to predominate. From Borneo--where it ascends to 5,000 feet above the sea--comes the crested, and perhaps also the golden-rufous coloured race (the true home of the latter being still unknown). In the Philippine Archipelago--in Mindanao, Basilan, Luzon, Negros, Samar, and others of the islets--the very light yellow coloured race is met with.