CHARACTERS.--Hair on the crown of the head not elongated, but directed backward; no beard; eyebrows prominent. Face, ears, and hands nude; tail long and carried over the back; whiskers small, directed backward, below and behind the ears. Face of a livid brownish colour; ears, hands, and feet darker; fur on the upper parts of the body and the outside of the limbs sooty-black; chin, throat, breast, cheek-whiskers to below the ears, the under side of the body, and inside of the limbs, ashy-grey; the whiskers sometimes of the same colour as the back; tail darker grey. DISTRIBUTION.--West Africa: Liberia. HABITS.--Writing of this species, Frederic Cuvier observes that it is of a happy disposition, gentle and companionable, but rather petulant. Ceaselessly active, it indulges in the most grotesque antics and attitudes, so that it has been believed [of course erroneously] that they possess more joints in their bodies than other species. The males especially have the constant habit of making a grimace which exhibits their long canine teeth. The females are still more gentle, and fond of being caressed. Mr. Büttikofer found this species to be rather rare in Liberia. It was occasionally seen on low trees, but chiefly on the ground, where it searches for fallen fruits. II. THE WHITE-COLLARED MANGABEY. CERCOCEBUS COLLARIS. _Mangabey à collier blanc_, Buffon, Hist. Nat., xiv., p. 256, pl. 33; F. Cuvier, Mamm., livr. xxxv. (Dec., 1821) _Cercocebus æthiops_, Geoffr., Ann. Mus., xix., p. 97 (1812), (nec _Simia æthiops_, Linn.). PLATE XXVII. [Illustration: WHITE CROWNED MANGABEY.] {39} _Cercopithecus æthiops_, Kuhl. Beitr. Zool., p. 97 (1820, nec _S. æthiops_, Linn.). _Cercopithecus æthiopicus_, F. Cuvier, Mamm., livr. xxxv. (Dec., 1821). _Cercocebus collaris_, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus., p. 7 (1843); id., Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 27 (1870); Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, p. 96 (1876.) CHARACTERS.--Hair on the crown of the head not elongated, but directed backward; whiskers small, directed backward; no beard. Face, ears, hands, and callosities nude; tail long, carried over the back. Face, ears, and hands black; the top of the head rich reddish-brown; whole of upper side of the body, hinder part of the shoulders, back, external surface of both pairs of limbs, feet, and tail, greyish slate-colour; throat, breast, whole under side of the body and inside of the limbs white, as are the nape of the neck, sides of the face, the fore part of the shoulder, and the front aspect of the arms, as far as the top of the fore-arm; in many species a somewhat broad wash of slate-grey crosses the side of the face from the cheeks to below the ear. DISTRIBUTION.--West Coast of Africa. III. THE WHITE-CROWNED MANGABEY. CERCOCEBUS ÆTHIOPS. (_Plate XXVII._) _Simia æthiops_, Linn., Syst. Nat., i., p. 39 (1766).