The Macaques are among the commonest Monkeys of India and the East Indian islands. They occur also in Northern Africa (Morocco), and in Gibraltar, across the Straits. Eastwards they extend into Thibet and Northern China. They are {3}also found in Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes, and in Timor, this being the most eastern habitat of any of the _Anthropoidea_ except that of _Cynopithecus niger_. Dr. Blanford, in his "Mammals of British India," says that the species of the present genus resemble each other in their habits; they are found in flocks, often of considerable size, and generally composed of both sexes and of all ages. They are active animals, though less agile in their movements, whether on trees or on the ground, than the Langurs (_vide infrà_). Their food is varied, most of the species, if not all, eating insects as well as seeds, fruits, &c., and one kind feeding entirely on Crustacea. They have occasionally been known to devour Lizards, and, it is said, Frogs also. All have the habit of cramming food into their cheek-pouches for mastication at leisure.... The voice and gestures of all the species (_M. silenus_ perhaps excepted) are similar, and differ from those of both the Gibbons and Langurs. Tickell notices this in his MS. Notes, and gives the following details, which are worthy of quotation: "Anger is generally silent, or, at most, expressed by a low hoarse monotone, 'Heu,' not so gular or guttural as a growl; ennui and a desire for company by a whining 'Hom,' invitation, deprecation, entreaty, by a smacking of the lips and a display of the incisors into a regular broad grin, accompanied with a subdued grunting chuckle, highly expressive, but not to be rendered on paper; fear and alarm by a loud harsh shriek, 'Kra,' or 'Kraouh,' which serves also as a warning to the others who may be heedless of danger. Unlike the Langurs and Gibbons, they have no voice, if calling to one another." The majority of the species are very docile when young. They thrive well, and several of them have bred in confinement. The period of gestation is about seven months, only a {4}single young one, as a rule, being produced at a birth. They become adult at the age of four or five years, but breed earlier. In regard to the expression of emotion among these Monkeys, Mr. Darwin has recorded of different species that when pleased they draw back the corners of the mouth in a species of smile, become red in the face when angry, and pale when afraid. The term Macaque was given to these monkeys by Buffon, who took it, however, from what is supposed to have been the native name of an _African_ species of Monkey, and misapplied it to this Indian group. _Macacus_ is therefore the Latinised form of that word, which has now been applied too long to be changed. I. THE BARBARY MACAQUE. MACACUS INUUS. _Simia inuus_, Linn., Syst. Nat., i., p. 34 (1766). _Simia sylvanus_, Linn., t.c. p. 35.