Distinguished Naval Commanders: Admiral Uriu, Admiral Kamimura, Commander Hirose 310 Distinguished Land Commanders: General Baron Kodama, General Count Nogi, Admiral Prince Itō 316 The Japanese Peace Envoys: Count Komura, Minister Takahira 318 H. I. M. the Emperor 330 Marquis Saionji 332 Statesmen of New Japan: Marquis Katsura and Prince Itō 336 Viscount Sone 338 General Viscount Terauchi 344 Military Review, Himeji 360 “Shikishima” in Naval Review, Kōbe 384 Map of Japan 342 JAPANESE PRONUNCIATION _a_ like _a_ in _father_ _e_ „ _e_ „ _men_ _i_ „ _i_ „ _pin_ _o_ „ _o_ „ _pony_ _u_ „ _oo_ „ _book_ _ai_ as in _aisle_ _ei_ „ _weigh_ _au_ as _o_ in _bone_ _ō_ „ „ „ „ _ū_ as _oo_ in _moon_ _i_ in the middle of a word and _u_ in the middle or at the end of a word are sometimes almost inaudible. The consonants are all sounded, as in English: _g_, however, has only the hard sound, as in _give_, although the nasal _ng_ is often heard; _ch_ and _s_ are always soft, as in _check_ and _sin_; and _z_ before _u_ has the sound of _dz_. In the case of double consonants, each one must be given its full sound. There are as many syllables as vowels. There is practically no accent; but care must be taken to distinguish between _o_ and _ō_, _u_ and _ū_, of which the second is more prolonged than the first. Be sure to avoid the flat sound of _a_, which is always pronounced _ah_. A HANDBOOK OF MODERN JAPAN CHAPTER I PHYSIOGRAPHY OUTLINE OF TOPICS: Situation of country; relation to the United States; lines of communication; “Key of Asia.”—Area of empire.—Divisions: highways, provinces, prefectures, principal cities and ports.—Dense population; natives and foreigners; Japanese abroad.—Mountains, volcanoes, hot springs, earthquakes.—Lakes, rivers, bays, harbors, floods, tidal waves.—Epidemics, pests.—Climate: temperature, winds (typhoons), moisture, ocean currents.—Flora and fauna.—Peculiar position: Japan and the United States.—Bibliography.