Costume -- Great Britain -- History; Great Britain -- History; Great Britain -- History -- Pictorial works
(Fig. 1): A bronze spear head--Later Celtic--in the British
Museum. It is probable that the flint spear-head continued in
use into the Bronze Age, and that the spear-head with a socket
was not invented until socketed celts were made. (Fig. 2): An
ornamental bronze celt or axe found in Suffolk. The simpler
form of the celt has been improved upon by the addition of
flanges. (Figs. 3 and 4) show how they were probably fixed in
handles. (Fig. 5): A bronze knife dagger found in the Isle of
Wight (British Museum). (Fig. 6): A bronze arrow-head. (Fig.
7): A bronze socketed celt. (Fig. 8): The same, with the
probable method of fastening to a handle. (Fig. 9): A bronze
cauldron found in Ireland. (Fig. 10): A late Celtic Helmet,
ornamented and showing generally in its structure a very
advanced skill in manufacture; found in the Thames; now in
the British Museum. (Fig. 11): A bronze dagger in the British
Museum. (Fig. 12): A bronze spear-head (elongated form), found
at Stanwick in Yorkshire; now in the British Museum. Both the
spear heads in Figs. 1 and 12 tend towards a leaf form. (Fig.
13): A bronze sword, narrow and leaf-shaped, in the Guildhall
Museum, London; showing rivet holes. The sword of the Bronze
Age is remarkable for the beauty of its form. The average
length of the blade was about two feet, the handle being made
of horn or wood, split and rivetted on either, side. The sword
was probably encased in a scabbard of leather, wood or bronze.]
PREHISTORIC POTTERY AND FUNERAL CUSTOMS.
Neolithic men (of the Later Stone Age) buried their dead in the caves
which they had used for dwellings, or in stone chambers, probably
representing the huts in which they lived. Each of these was used as
a vault, common to the family or tribe, for they are found containing
skeletons of all ages. The dead were buried in the tomb as they died,
in a contracted or crouching position, laid upon their sides, probably
due to their sleeping in that position, and not at full length on a
bed. Implements of various kinds, arrow heads, celts and pottery, were
frequently placed in the tombs, and were probably intended for the use
of the dead. The tombs were then covered with stones and earth, forming
mounds (also known as barrows and tumuli), which were usually long and
oval in plan.
Domestic animals were slaughtered, and a feast was made after the
interment in honour of the dead.
In the Bronze Age, there was a striking change in the custom of
burial, probably the sign of the introduction of a new faith. The
dead were burned on a funeral pile, and with them were burned their
belongings--the various articles and implements of daily use--and the
burnt remains were gathered up with the calcined bones and ashes and
placed in an urn. Sometimes this urn was placed upright, and at other
times it was inverted over the ashes.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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