The _spikelets_ are usually one to two and rarely three in an involucel and each one has four _glumes_. The _first glume_ is lanceolate and nerveless or ovate-lanceolate and 1-nerved, half as long as the third glume, hyaline and acute. The _second glume_ is about 1/6 inch long, ovate, acute, membranous, 5-nerved. The _third glume_ is similar to the second, paleate; _palea_ is lanceolate and short. The _fourth glume_ is as long as the third, cuspidately acuminate, membranous, 5-nerved and paleate; _palea_ is ovate, as long as the glume. _Stamens_ are three. _Styles_ are free and long with plumose stigmas. The grain is ovoid-oblong, brown and compressed. [Illustration: Fig. 118.--Cenchrus catharticus. 1. A portion of the spike; 2. an involucel with two spikelets; 3, 4, 5 and 7. the first, second, third and the fourth glume respectively; 6 and 8. palea of the third and the fourth glume respectively; 9. the ovary and stamens; 10. grain.] This grass is more common than _C. biflorus_ and is found on the East Coast districts in open sandy places. _Distribution._--Nellore, Bellary, the Punjab and the Gangetic Plains. CHAPTER VII. TRIBES II AND III--ORYZEAE AND ZOYSIEAE. =Oryzeae= is a very small tribe with a few genera, which usually flourish in marshes. The spikelets are in panicles, 1-flowered and the flower is usually perfect. In Oryza there are three glumes, the first two being very minute, and there is only a single glume in Leersia and Hygrorhiza. There are usually six stamens. The palea becomes firm in texture like the glume instead of remaining hyaline, and so it is often mistaken for a glume. The spikelets are jointed on their pedicels and fall away from them. Not floating; spikelet not awned 11. Leersia. Floating; spikelets awned 12. Hygrorhiza. =Zoysieae= is another small tribe with half a dozen genera. The inflorescence is either a spike-like raceme or a spiciform panicle. The spikelets are solitary in Perotis, binate in Tragus and grouped in Trachys. There is usually a complete flower in a spikelet and the glumes are membranous. Mature spikelets are deciduous with their pedicels singly in Perotis and in clusters in others. Spikelets fascicled unilaterally on a broad rachis, 4-glumed, glumes not echinate 13. Trachys. Spikelets binate and all round the rachis, 3-glumed, glumes echinate 14. Tragus. Spikelets single, awned and 3-glumed 15. Perotis. 11. Leersia, _Sw._