Produced by Ron Swanson HISTORY OF CANADA PART I (NEW FRANCE) _C. P. LUCAS_ HENRY FROWDE, M.A. PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD LONDON, EDINBURGH, NEW YORK, TORONTO AND MELBOURNE A HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE BRITISH COLONIES VOL. V CANADA--PART I HISTORICAL BY C. P. LUCAS, C.B. OF BALLIOL COLLEGE, OXFORD AND THE COLONIAL OFFICE OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS MDCCCCI OXFORD PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, M.A. PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY CONTENTS PAGE CHAP. I. EUROPEAN DISCOVERERS IN NORTH AMERICA TO THE END OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 CHAP. II. SAMUEL CHAMPLAIN AND THE FOUNDING OF QUEBEC . . . . 35 CHAP. III. THE SETTLEMENT OF CANADA AND THE FIVE NATION INDIANS 79 CHAP. IV. FRENCH AND ENGLISH DOWN TO THE PEACE OF UTRECHT . . 123 CHAP. V. THE MISSISSIPPI AND LOUISIANA . . . . . . . . . . . 147 CHAP. VI. ACADIA AND HUDSON BAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 CHAP. VII. LOUISBOURG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 CHAP. VIII. THE PRELUDE TO THE SEVEN YEARS' WAR . . . . . . . . 216 CHAP. IX. THE CONQUEST OF CANADA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 CHAP. X. THE CONQUEST OF CANADA (_continued_) . . . . . . . . 289 CHAP. XI. GENERAL SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 APPENDIX I. LIST OF FRENCH GOVERNORS OF CANADA . . . . . . . . 350 APPENDIX II. DATES OF THE PRINCIPAL EVENTS IN THE HISTORY OF CANADA DOWN TO 1763 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 LIST OF MAPS 1. Map of the French and English possessions in North America in the middle of the eighteenth century 2. Map of New England, New York, and Central Canada, showing the waterways 3. Map of Louisbourg 4. Map of Quebec [Illustration: Map of the French and English Possessions in NORTH AMERICA in the Middle of the 18th Century] {1} HISTORY OF CANADA CHAPTER I EUROPEAN DISCOVERERS IN NORTH AMERICA TO THE END OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY [Sidenote: _The British possessions in North America._] The British possessions in North America consist of Newfoundland and the Dominion of Canada. Under the Government of Newfoundland is a section of the mainland coast which forms part of Labrador, extending from the straits of Belle Isle on the south to Cape Chudleigh on the north. The area of these possessions, together with the date and mode of their acquisition, is as follows:-- _Name._ _How acquired._ _Date._ _Area in square miles._ Newfoundland Settlement 1583-1623 40,200 and Labrador 120,000 Canada Cession [Quebec] 1763 3,653,946 [Sidenote: _British possessions in North America and West Indies contrasted._]