And now all of a sudden this Neo-Americanism burst forth into literature. There is a similarity almost startling between the thirties that saw the outburst of the mid-century school and the vital seventies that arose in reaction against it. The first era had started with Emerson's glorification of the American scholar, the second had glorified the man of action. The earlier period was speculative, sermonic, dithyrambic, eloquent; the new America which now arose was cold, dispassionate, scientific, tolerant. Both had arisen in storm and doubt and in protest against the old. Both touched the people, the earlier era through the sentiments, the later through the analytical and the dramatic faculties. In the thirties had arisen _Godey's Lady's Book_; in the seventies _Scribner's Monthly_. So far as literature was concerned the era may be said really to have commenced in 1869 with _Innocents Abroad_, the first book from which there breathed the new wild spirit of revolt. In 1870 came Harte's _Luck of Roaring Camp_, thrilling with the new strange life of the gold coast and the Sierra Nevada, and Warner's _My Summer in a Garden_, a transition book fresh and delightful. Then in 1871 had begun the deluge: Burroughs's _Wake-Robin_, with its new gospel of nature; Eggleston's _Hoosier Schoolmaster_, fresh with uncouth humor and the strangeness of the frontier; Harte's _East and West Poems_; Hay's _Pike County Ballads_, crude poems from the heart of the people; Howells's first novel, _Their Wedding Journey_, a careful analysis of actual social conditions; Miller's _Songs of the Sierras_; Carleton's _Poems_; King's _Mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada_, a book of travel glorifying not Europe but a picturesque section of America; and the completed version of Leland's _Hans Breitmann's Ballads_, a book which had waited fourteen years for a publisher who had the courage to bring it out. In 1873 came Celia Thaxter's _Poems_, Aldrich's _Marjorie Daw_, H. H.'s _Saxe Holm Stories_, Wallace's _Fair God_ and O'Reilly's _Songs of the Southern Seas_; in 1875 James's _Passionate Pilgrim_, Thompson's _Hoosier Mosaics_, Gilder's _The New Day_, Lanier's _Poems_, Catherwood's _A Woman in Armor_, Woolson's _Castle Nowhere_ and Irwin Russell's first poem in _Scribner's_; in 1877 Burnett's _That Lass o' Lowrie's_ and Jewett's _Deephaven_; in 1878 Craddock's _The Dancing Party at Harrison's Cove_ in the _Atlantic Monthly_, Richard M. Johnston's _Life of Stephens_; in 1879 Cable's _Old Creole Days_, Tourgee's _Figs and Thistles_, Stockton's _Rudder Grange_, and John Muir's _Studies in the Sierras_, in _Scribner's_. All the elements of the new era had appeared before 1880.