Richelieu (cardinal), 154 "Ritter George," 111 Roman theatre, first, 80 Romanesque order, 87 Romanesque and Byzantine orders mingled, 122 Rome; ruled by Etruscans, 71; acqueducts and bridges of, 74; earliest works of, directed by Etruscans, 74; growth of Composite order in, 75; temples of, 76; interior architecture of, 76; Pantheon of, 76-78; basilicas of, 78; decline of art in, 80; theatres of, 80; triumphal arches of, 81; tombs of, 83-86; domestic architecture of, 85; influence of classic literature in, 133; St. Peter's at, 138-140 Rood-screens, 107 Rose windows, 102 Rouen, custom house at, 162 Royal Palace at Munich, 177 Ruhmeshalle (Munich); columns of, 176; statue in front of, 176 Ruins; Assyrian, 21; Judean, 44; of temple of Diana, at Ephesus, 60 Ruskin, John; and Ducal Palace (Venice), 142; teaching of, 171 St. Bride's (Fleet Street), 168 St. Elizabeth of Hungary, 110 St. Eustache, church of (Paris), 154 St. Genevieve, church of (Paris), 158 St. George's Hall, Liverpool, 169 St. Germain; 103, 173 St. James's (Piccadilly), church of, 168 St. John Lateran, 89 St. Ludwig, church of (Munich), 175 St. Mark's (Venice), 114; piazza of, 114; portico of, 115 St. Mark's, Library of (Venice), 114 St. Paul's, cathedral of (London), 167 St. Paul's, Covent Garden, 166, 167 St. Paul's without the Walls; 88; bronze gates of, 89; columns of, 89 St. Peter's (Rome); as compared with palace-temple, 8; dome and cross of, 138; and Michael Angelo, 138-140; begun and finished, 138-140; criticised, 140 St. Quentin, battle of, 146 St. Sophia, church of (Constantinople); green jasper columns of, 61; 117; and Justinian, 119; Gibbon's description of, 119; Paul Silentiarius's description of, 120 St. Vitale, church of (Ravenna), 123 San Carlo, opera house of (Naples), 180 San Miniato, church of (Florence), 115, 116 San Paolo fuori della Mura. _See_ St. Paul's without the Walls Sansovino, 142 Sta. Maria del Fiore. _See_ cathedral of Florence Sta. Maria Degli Angeli, church of, and Michael Angelo, 80 Saraceni. _See_ "the Easterns" Saracenic architecture, 123, 124; principal homes of, 126; study of, 132 Sargon, 26 Scaurus, Marcus, 80 Schliemann, 48 Sculpture Gallery of Munich, 177 Sculptures; executed by Phidias, 64; Gothic use of, in decoration, 107 Segovia, churches of, 146 Semiramis (Queen), and "Hanging Gardens," 30 Sennacherib, 26 Septimius Severus; and Pantheon, 77; arch of, 82; wife of, 82 Sepulchres, 85 (and _see_ Tombs) Seti I., tomb of, 7 Sforza, Francesco, 144 Shaft of Tuscan column, 76 Shrines of Babylon, riches of, 31, 32 Shushan, 42 Sicilian architecture, remarkable style of, 116 Sicily, Christian art of, 116