XXVII. (i) Baked clay foundation-cylinder of Nabonidus, referring to the defeat of Astyages by Cyrus, (ii) Baked clay foundation-cylinder of Cyrus, recording his entry into Babylon "without battle and without fighting" XXVIII. Impressions of Neo-Babylonian and Persian cylinder-seals XXIX. Limestone statue of the god Nabû at Nimrûd XXX. Divine emblems sculptured on the lower portion of the boundary-stone engraved with a charter of Nebuchadnezzar I.(cp. Plate XXII.) XXXI. Two views of a clay model of a sheep's liver with the surface divided up and labelled for purposes of divination XXXII. A Neo-Babylonian treatise on astronomy, inscribed with classified lists of the principal stars and constellations, heliacal risings and settings, culminations in the south, etc. ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT 1. Diagram to illustrate the political centre of gravity in Babylonia 2. Map of the neighbourhood of Babylon and Birs-Nimrûd; after the India Office Map 3. Plan of the ruins of Babylon; after Koldewey and Andrae 4. Ground-plan of part of the outer city-wall; after Koldewey and Andrae 5. Conjectural restoration of the Southern Citadel; after Andrae 6. Plan of the Southern Citadel; after Koldewey, Reuther, and Wetzel 7. Ground-plan of quay-walls and fortification-walls in the north-west corner of the Southern Citadel; after Koldewey 8. Section of the quay-walls and fortification-walls along the north front of the Southern Citadel; after Andrae 9. Plan of the Throne Room of Nebuchadnezzar II. and part of the private palace; after Koldewey 10. Design in enamelled brick from the façade of the Throne Room 11. Plan of the north-east corner of the palace with the Vaulted Building; after Koldewey 12. Bull in enamelled brick from the Ishtar Gate 13. Dragon in enamelled brick from the Ishtar Gate 14. Ground-plan of the Ishtar Gate; after Koldewey 15. Section of the Ishtar Gate; after Andrae 16. Diagram to show the arrangement of the beasts of the Ishtar Gate; after Koldewey 17. Enamelled fragment of the Ishtar Gate still in position 18. Plan of the later defences of the Citadel upon the north, showing the walls with the Lion Frieze and the Ishtar Gate 19. Lion from the frieze of the Sacred Way to the north of the Ishtar Gate 20. Ground-plan of E-makh, the temple of the goddess Ninmakh; after Andrae 21. Conjectural restoration of E-makh; after Andrae 22. Gold plaque, with architectural design, from a Neo-Babylonian burial; enlargement after photo, by Koldewey 23. Ground-plan of the unidentified temple known as "Z"; after Andrae 24. Conjectural restoration of the unidentified temple known as "Z"; after Andrae and Koldewey 25. Ground-plan of the temple of Ishtar of Akkad; after Reuther