[13] "To facilitate the saving of small sums of money and to encourage young labourers to economise their earnings with a view to provision for marriage, it would be extremely useful to have county banks, where the smallest sums might be received, and a fair interest granted for them. At present, the few labourers who have a little money are often greatly at a loss to know what to do with it; and under such circumstances we cannot be surprised that it should sometimes be ill-employed and last but for a short time."--Malthus. _Essay on Population_, 1803. [14] _Hansard_, vol. viii. p. 887. [15] The most important clauses of this Bill we have given in the Appendix (A). Besides its intrinsic importance, it is very interesting, as viewed in the light of subsequent measures. The similarity of Mr. Whitbread's proposals to the measures which nearly half a century afterwards have been carried out, cannot fail to strike the reader. [16] _An Explanation of the Principles and Proceedings of the Provident Institution at Bath_. By John Haygarth, M.D., F.R.S., one of the Managers, London, 1816. [17] _Observations on Banks for Savings_. By the Right Hon. George Rose. London, 1816. [18] _Memoir of Dr Duncan._ By his Son, the Rev. G. J. C. Duncan. Edinburgh, 1848. [19] _Quarterly Review._ October, 1816. [20] _Memoir_, page 98. [21] _Ibid_, page 105. [22] Strange to say, Dr. Duncan's name does not find a place even in Mr. Robert Chambers's elaborate Dictionary of celebrated Scotchmen, an oversight much to be regretted. [23] (1) _An Essay on the Nature and Advantages of Parish Banks, together with a corrected Copy of the Rules and Regulations of the Parent Institution at Ruthwell; and Directions for conducting the details of business; Forms showing the methods of keeping the Accounts, &c._ By the Rev. Henry Duncan, Minister of Ruthwell. Edinburgh. 1815. (2) _A short Account of the Edinburgh Savings Bank, containing Directions for establishing similar Banks, &c._ Second Edition. Edinburgh. 1815. [24] Duncan's _Essay_ page 27. [25] _Workmen's Earnings, Strikes and Savings_, page 37. [26] One clause in the Rules states that "Interest is to be calculated by months, as the calculation by days on such small sums would be extremely troublesome, and without any adequate advantage." [27] _Edinburgh Review_, xlix. page 146. CHAPTER III. EARLY LEGISLATION ON SAVINGS BANKS--1817 TO 1844.