A History of Caricature and Grotesque in Literature and ArtWright, Thomas
History
A History of Caricature and Grotesque in Literature and Art
Wright, Thomas
Caricature -- History
After leaving the baker, Eulenspiegel became a wanderer in the world,
gaining his living by his trickery and deception, and engaging himself
in all sorts of strange and ludicrous adventures. He ended everywhere
by creating discord and strife. He became at different times a
blacksmith, a shoemaker, a tailor, a cook, a drawer of teeth, and
assumed a variety of other characters, but remained in each situation
only long enough to make it too hot for him, and to be obliged to
secure his retreat. He intruded himself into all classes of society,
and invariably came to similar results. Many of his adventures, indeed,
are so droll that we can easily understand the great popularity
they once enjoyed. But they are not merely amusing--they present a
continuous satire upon contemporary society, upon a social condition in
which every pretender, every reckless impostor, every private plunderer
or public depredator, saw the world exposed to him in its folly and
credulity as an easy prey.
The middle ages possessed another class of these popular satirical
histories, which were attached to places rather than to persons. There
were few countries which did not possess a town or a district, the
inhabitants of which were celebrated for stupidity, or for roguery,
or for some other ridiculous or contemptible quality. We have seen,
in a former chapter, the people of Norfolk enjoying this peculiarity,
and, at a later period, the inhabitants of Pevensey in Sussex, and
more especially those of Gotham in Nottinghamshire, were similarly
distinguished. The inhabitants of many places in Germany bore this
character, but their grand representatives among the Germans were the
Schildburgers, a name which appears to belong entirely to the domain
of fable. Schildburg, we are told, was a town "in Misnopotamia, beyond
Utopia, in the kingdom of Calecut." The Schildburgers were originally
so renowned for their wisdom, that they were continually invited into
foreign countries to give their advice, until at length not a man was
left at home, and their wives were obliged to assume the charge of the
duties of their husbands. This became at length so onerous, that the
wives held a council, and resolved on despatching a solemn message
in writing to call the men home. This had the desired effect; all the
Schildburgers returned to their own town, and were so joyfully received
by their wives that they resolved upon leaving it no more. They
accordingly held a council, and it was decided that, having experienced
the great inconvenience of a reputation of wisdom, they would avoid
it in future by assuming the character of fools. One of the first
evil results of their long neglect of home affairs was the want of a
council-hall, and this want they now resolved to supply without delay.
They accordingly went to the hills and woods, cut down the timber,
dragged it with great labour to the town, and in due time completed
the erection of a handsome and substantial building. But, when they
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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