Produced by John Hagerson, Juliet Sutherland, Leonard Johnson, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net A HISTORY OF CHINA by WOLFRAM EBERHARD _of the University of California_ _Illustrated_ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley and Los Angeles 1969 First published in U. S. A. by _University of California Press_ _Berkeley and Los Angeles_ _California_ Second printing 1955 Third printing 1956 Second edition (revised by the author and reset) 1960 Reprinted 1966 Third edition (revised and enlarged) 1969 _To My Wife_ CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 _THE EARLIEST TIMES_ Chapter I: PREHISTORY 1 Sources for the earliest history 7 2 The Peking Man 8 3 The Palaeolithic Age 8 4 The Neolithic Age 9 5 The eight principal prehistoric cultures 10 6 The Yang-shao culture 12 7 The Lung-shan culture 15 8 The first petty States in Shansi 16 Chapter II: THE SHANG DYNASTY (_c._ 1600-1028 B.C.) 1 Period, origin, material culture 19 2 Writing and Religion 22 3 Transition to feudalism 24 _ANTIQUITY_ Chapter III: THE CHOU DYNASTY (_c._ 1028-257 B.C.) 1 Cultural origin of the Chou and end of the Shang dynasty 29 2 Feudalism in the new empire 30 3 Fusion of Chou and Shang 32 4 Limitation of the imperial power 36 5 Changes in the relative strength of the feudal states 38 6 Confucius 40 7 Lao Tzŭ 45 Chapter IV: THE CONTENDING STATES (481-256 B.C.): DISSOLUTION OF THE FEUDAL SYSTEM 1 Social and military changes 51 2 Economic changes 53 3 Cultural changes 57 Chapter V: THE CHIN DYNASTY (256-207 B.C.) 1 Towards the unitary State 62 2 Centralization in every field 64 3 Frontier Defence. Internal collapse 67 _THE MIDDLE AGES_ Chapter VI: THE HAN DYNASTY (206 B.C.-A.D. 220)