A history of criticism and literary taste in Europe, from the earliest texts to the present day. Volume 1 (of 3), Classical and mediæval criticismSaintsbury, George
History
A history of criticism and literary taste in Europe, from the earliest texts to the present day. Volume 1 (of 3), Classical and mediæval criticism
Saintsbury, George
Criticism -- History; Literature -- History and criticism; Literature, Medieval
But by far the most interesting thing in this context is Longinus'
irreconcilable objection to a fanciful metaphor [Sidenote: _The “maidens
in the eyes.”_] which, as it happens most oddly, was, with a very slight
variation, an equal pet of the Greeks of the great age and of our own
Elizabethans. Every reader of the latter knows the phrase, “to look
babies in the eyes” of the beloved—that is to say, to keep the face so
close to hers that the little reflections of the gazer in the pupils of
her eyes are discernible. The Greek term for these little images, and
the pupils that mirrored them, was slightly different—it was κόραι,
maidens. And as, from the famous quarrel scene in Homer downwards, the
eyes were always, in Greek literature, the seat of modesty or of
impudence, the combination suggested, not merely to Timæus but even to
Xenophon, a play of words, “more modest than the maidens in their eyes,”
or conversely, as where Timæus, speaking of the lawless lust of
Agathocles, says that he must have had “harlots” (πόρνας), not “maidens”
(κόρας), in his eyes. And Longinus is even more angry or sad with
Xenophon than with Timæus, as expecting more propriety from him.
But whether we agree with him in detail or not, the inestimable passage,
on the mere quest and craze for novelty, which [Sidenote: _The canon
“Quod semper.”_] follows, more than reconciles us, as well as the other
great saying in cap. vi. as to the “late-born” character of the judgment
of style, and that in the next as to the canon of Sublimity being the
effect produced unaltered in altered circumstances and cases. When we
read these things we feel that literary criticism is at last fully
constituted,—that it wants nothing more save greater variety, quantity,
and continuance of literary creation, upon which to exercise itself.
No nervous check or chill need be caused by the tolerably certain fact
that more than one hole may be picked in the [Sidenote: _The sources of
sublimity._] subsequent classification of the sources[228] of ὕψος.
These attempts at an over-methodical classification (it has been said
before) are always full of snares and pitfalls to the critic. Especially
do they tempt him to the sin of arguing in a circle. It cannot be denied
that in every one of the five divisions (except, perhaps, the valuable
vindication of the quality of Passion) there is some treacherous word or
other, which is a mere synonym of “sublime.” Thus in the first we have
ἁδρεπήβολον, mastery of the ἅδρον, a curious word, the nearest
equivalent of which in English is, perhaps, “stout” or “full-bodied,” as
we apply these terms to wine; in the fourth γενναία, “noble,” which is
only “sublime” in disguise; and in the fifth εν δε φαει και ολεσσον, of
which much the same may be said.
Footnote 228:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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