The doctors’ shops were at the same time real pharmacies, where doctors prepared medicines, and where all the remedies then in use, either simple or compounded, were kept and sold to the public. Besides, there were to be found instruments of every kind and articles for medicating; and, therefore, bandages, compresses, lint, sponges, cupping glasses, cauteries, knives, bistouries, lancets, sounds, needles, hooks, pincers, files, saws, scrapers, splints, appliances for replacement of luxated bones, speculums, trepans, apparatus for fumigation, trusses, and a thousand things besides. Naturally, dentistry was also practised in these shops, either by doctors who occupied themselves with dental maladies as with those of any other part of the body, or, later on, by individuals who dedicated themselves exclusively to this specialty. Medicine and surgery were exercised, however, not only in doctors’ shops, but also at the patients’ houses, and it was Hippocrates who especially inaugurated clinical medicine—that is, the practice of visiting patients in their beds. But we must not digress from our argument. Many observations relative to the teeth are to be found in the seven books of Hippocrates on _Epidemics_. Unfortunately, the observations are not always given in clear and precise terms, which principally depends on the fact that these books consist for the most part of simple and most concise notes, written by Hippocrates on cases observed by him, and not intended for publication under such form, but rather constituting the material for further work. Here is a passage from the fourth book on _Epidemics_, which reveals Hippocrates’ extraordinary power of observation, for even teeth that had fallen out were minutely examined by him, to the end of acquiring precise ideas on the anatomical conformation of these organs, held by him to be of the highest importance.