A History of Domestic Manners and Sentiments in England During the Middle Ages — John Shaqi
A History of Domestic Manners and Sentiments in England During the Middle AgesWright, Thomas
History
A History of Domestic Manners and Sentiments in England During the Middle Ages
Wright, Thomas
England -- Social life and customs -- 1066-1485
In a Saxon manuscript in the British Museum (MS. Cotton. Tiberius, C.
vi.), among the minstrels attendant on king David (represented in our
cut, No. 27), we see a gleeman, who is throwing up and catching knives
and balls, a common performance of the later Norman jougleurs, as well
as of our modern mountebanks. Some of the tricks and gestures of these
performers were of the coarsest description, such as could be only
tolerated in a rude state of society. An example will be found in a
story told by William of Malmesbury of wandering minstrels, whom he had
seen performing at a festival at that monastery when he was a child,
and which we can hardly venture to give even under the veil of the
original Latin. A poem in the Exeter manuscript describes the wandering
character of the Saxon minstrels. He tells us:--
_swa scriþende_ _Thus roving_
_gesceapum hweorfað_ _with their lays go_
_gleo-men gumena_ _the gleemen of men_
_geond grunda fela,_ _over many lands,_
_þearfe secgað,_ _state their wants,_
_þonc-word sprecaþ,_ _utter words of thank,_
_simle suð oþþe norð_ _always south or north,_
_sumne gemetað_ _they find one_
_gydda gleawne,_ _knowing in songs,_
_geofum unhneawne._ _who is liberal of gifts._--Exeter Book, p. 326.
[Illustration: _No. 27. Anglo-Saxon Minstrels and Gleeman._]
We are not to suppose that our Anglo-Saxon forefathers remained at
table, merely drinking and listening. On the contrary, the performance
of the minstrels appears to have been only introduced at intervals,
between which the guests talked, joked, propounded and answered
riddles, boasted of their own exploits, disparaged those of others,
and, as the liquor took effect, became noisy and quarrelsome. The moral
poems often allude to the quarrels and slaughters in which feasts
ended. One of these poems, enumerating the various endowments of men,
says:--
_sum bið wrœd tæfle;_ _one is expert at dice;_
_sum bið gewittig_ _one is witty_
_æt win-þege,_ _at wine-bibbing,_
_beor-hyrde god._ _a good beer-drinker._--Exeter Book, p. 297.
A “Monitory Poem,” in the same collection, thus describes the manners
of the guests in hall:--
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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