A History of English VersificationSchipper, J. (Jakob)
History
A History of English Versification
Schipper, J. (Jakob)
English language -- Versification; English poetry -- History and criticism
Occasionally, however, a thesis-syllable may be more strongly accented
than an arsis-syllable in the same line which only carries the
rhythmical accent, but neither the word-accent nor the logical accent of
the sentence.
Thus in the following line from _Paradise Lost_--
_Irreconcileable to our grand Foe_,
the word _grand_, although it stands in a thesis, is certainly, because
of the rhetorical stress which it has, more strongly accented than the
preceding word _our_ or the syllable _-ble_, both of which have the
rhythmical accent. Milton's blank verse abounds in such resolved
discords, as they might be called. In not a few cases, however, they
remain unresolved. This occurs chiefly in lines where the short
unaccented syllables or unimportant monosyllabic words must be
lengthened beyond their natural quantity in order to fit in with the
rhythm of the verse, as in the following lines:
_Of Thámuz yéarly wóunded: thé love-tále._ Par. L. i. 452.
_Únivérsal repróach far wórse to béar._ Par. L. vi. 34.
On the other hand long syllables standing in a thesis may be shortened
without harshness, e.g. the words _brought_ and _our_ in the following
line:
_Brought déath intó the wórld and áll our wóe._
§ =84.= With regard to the treatment of the rhythm the Middle English
even-beat metres in some respects are considerably different from the
Modern English metres, the reason being that the earlier poets, as yet
inexperienced in the art of composing in even-beat measures, found it
more difficult than Modern English poets to make the rhythmic accent
coincide with the word-accent and the syntactic-accent (cf. pp. 126-7,
134).
Certain deviations from the ordinary iambic rhythm which partly disturb
the agreement of the number of accented and unaccented syllables in a
line are more frequent in Middle English than in Modern English poetry.
One of these licences is the =suppression of the anacrusis= or the
absence of the first unaccented syllable of the line, or of the second
rhythmical section, e.g.
_Þán sche séyd: ȝe trówe on hím | þát is lórd of swíche pousté._
Horstmann's Altengl. Legend. N. F., p. 250, ll. 333-4.
_Gíf we léornið gódes láre,
Þénne ofþúncheþ hít him sáre._ Pater Noster, 15-16.
_Únnet líf ic hábbe iléd, | and ȝíet, me þíncð, ic léde._
Moral Ode, l. 5.
_Twénty bóokes, | clád in blák and réde._ Chaucer, Prol. 294.[129]
_Sóme, that wátched | wíth the múrd'rer's knífe._ Surrey, p. 59.
_Góod my Lórd, | give mé thy fávour stíll._
Shakesp. Temp. iv. i. 204.
_Nórfolk sprúng thee, | Lámbeth hólds thee déad._ Surrey, p. 62.
_Vor mánies mánnes sóre iswínch | hábbeð ófte unhólde._
Moral Ode, Ms. D. l. 34.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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