A History of English VersificationSchipper, J. (Jakob)
History
A History of English Versification
Schipper, J. (Jakob)
English language -- Versification; English poetry -- History and criticism
The caesura is of special importance. Although from the first
Shakespeare always allowed himself a great degree of variety in the
caesura, he prefers during his first and second period the masculine and
lyrical caesura after the second foot; in his third period, in _Macbeth_
especially, both the masculine and lyrical caesura occur as frequently
after the third foot, and side by side with these the epic caesura after
the second and third foot pretty often (§ 90); during the fourth period
a great many double caesuras occur corresponding to the numerous run-on
lines.[161]
The old-fashioned disyllabic pronunciation of certain Romanic
terminations (as _-ion_, _-ier_, _-iage_, _-ial_, &c.), so often met
with in Marlowe, is not uncommon in Shakespeare, chiefly in his early
plays, but also in those of later date (cf. § 107).
As to inversion of rhythm (cf. § 88), it is a noteworthy feature that
during the first period it occurs chiefly in the first foot and
afterwards often in the third also.
Disyllabic theses may be found in each of the five feet, sometimes even
two at the same time:
_Having Gód, her cónscience, | ánd these bárs agaínst me._
R. III, I. ii. 235.
_Succéeding his fáther Bólingbróke, | did réign._
1 H. VI, II. v. 83.
_But thén we'll trý | what these dástard Frénchmen dáre._
1 H. VI, I. iii. 111.
_Thén is he móre behólding | to yóu than Í._
R. III, III. i. 107.
_Pút in their hánds | thy brúising írons of wráth._
R. III, V. iii. 110.
_My survéyor is fálse; | the ó'ergreat cárdinál._
H. VIII, I. i. 222.
Disyllabic or polysyllabic line-endings are likewise of frequent
occurrence:
_I dáre avóuch it, sír, what, fífty fóllowers?_ Lear, II. iv. 240.
_To yóur own cónscience, sír, befóre Políxenes._ Wint. III. ii. 47.
Slurring and other modifications of words to make them fit into the
rhythm are very numerous and of great variety in Shakespeare; we have
referred to them before, §§ 108-11; here only some examples may be
repeated, as _(a)bove_, _(be)cause_, _(ar)rested_, _th' other_, _th'
earth_, _whe(th)er_, _ha(v)ing_, _e(v)il_, _eas(i)ly_, _barb(a)rous_,
_inn(o)cent_, _acquit_ for _acquitted_, _deject_ for _dejected_, &c.
On the other hand, many lengthenings also occur, as _wrest(e)ler_ A. Y.
L. II. ii, 13; _pilg(e)rim_ All's Well, III. v. 43, &c. (Cf. §§ 87,
112.)
In some monosyllabic words, as _fear_, _dear_, _hear_, _wear_, _tear_,
_year_, it is not always necessary to assume with Abbott (§§ 480-6) a
disyllabic pronunciation, e.g. _déàr_, _yéàr_. On the contrary, in many
cases it is more probable that the emphasis laid on the monosyllable
takes the place of the missing thesis, e.g.:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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