A History of English VersificationSchipper, J. (Jakob)
History
A History of English Versification
Schipper, J. (Jakob)
English language -- Versification; English poetry -- History and criticism
_Now culit is Dame Venus brand;
Trew Luvis fyre is ay kindilland,
And I begyn to undirstand,
In feynit luve quhat foly bene;
Now cumis Aige quhair Yowth hes bene,
And true Luve rysis fro the splene._
The same kind of stanza occurs in Wyatt, p. 137. Other forms are: _a a b
a b b₅_, in Wyatt, p. 71; _a b c c b a₄_ in John Scott, _Conclusion_
(Poets, ix. 773); _a b c b c a₄_ in Tennyson, _A Character_ (p. 12):
_With a half-glance upon the sky
At night he said, 'The wanderings
Of this most intricate Universe
Teach me the nothingness of things.'
Yet could not all creation pierce
Beyond the bottom of his eye._
Longer isometrical stanzas are unfrequent, and need hardly be mentioned
here (cf. _Metrik_, ii, p. 556).
III. _Bipartite unequal-membered anisometrical stanzas._
§ =257. Two-lined and four-lined stanzas.= The shortest stanzas of this
kind consist of two anisometrical lines, rhyming in couplets, e.g. four-
and five-foot, five- and three-foot lines, &c.
These have been mentioned before (§ 207); but as a rule they are used,
like the heroic couplet, in continuous systems only, without strophic
arrangement.
The _Poulter's Measure_ (§§ 146, 206) must be mentioned in this place.
This metre, also, is in narrative poetry employed without strophic
arrangement; but in lyrical poetry it is sometimes written in stanzas.
In this case it is mostly printed as a stanza of four lines, even when
rhyming in long lines, i.e. with intermittent rhyme (_a b₃ c₄ b₃_);
e.g. in Tennyson, _Marriage Morning_ (p. 285):
_Light, so low upon earth,
You send a flash to the sun,
Here is the golden close of love,
All my wooing is done._
The division into stanzas is still more distinctly recognizable when
there are crossed rhymes (_a b₃ a₄ b₃_), as e.g. in a song in Percy's
_Reliques_, I. ii. 2, _The Aged Lover renounceth Love_ (quoted by the
grave-digger in Shakespeare's _Hamlet_):
_I lothe that I did love,
In youth that I thought swete,
As time requires: for my behove
Me thinkes they are not mete._
This stanza occurs very frequently (cf. _Metrik_, ii, § 321), but is
rarely formed of trochaic verses.
Another rare variety on the scheme _a ~ b₃ c₄ b₃_ is found in Mrs.
Hemans, _The Stream is free_ (vii. 42), and in M. Arnold's _The Neckan_
(p. 167).
Similar to the common _Poulter's Measure_ stanza is another stanza of
iambic-anapaestic verses on the formula _a a₃ b₄ a₃_ (in _b_
middle-rhyme is used, so that the scheme may also be given as _a a₃ b b₂
a₃_.)We find it in Burns, the _a_-rhymes being masculine (p. 245) and
feminine (p. 218).
Four-lined stanzas of two rhyming couplets of unequal length are fairly
common; as e.g. on the model _a a₅ b b₄_ in Dryden, _Hymn for St.
John's Eve_:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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