A History of English VersificationSchipper, J. (Jakob)
History
A History of English Versification
Schipper, J. (Jakob)
English language -- Versification; English poetry -- History and criticism
_O sylvan prophet! whose eternal fame
Echoes from Judah's hills and Jordan's stream,
The music of our numbers raise,
And tune our voices to thy praise._
Other schemes that occur are _a a₄ b b₅_, _a a b₄ b₅_, _a a b₄ b₂_, _a
a₄ b₃ b₂_, _a₄ a₂ b b₄_, _a₅ a₃ b b₅_; there are even forms with lines
of unequal length in each part, as e.g.: _a₄ a₅ b₇ b₅_, _a₇ a₄ b₂ b₆_,
_a₅ a₃ b₅ b₄_, _a₅ a₄ b₄ b₆_. For examples see _Metrik_, ii (§§ 322-4).
Enclosing rhymes are also found; and in this case the lines of the same
length usually rhyme together, as in the formula _a₃ b b₅ a₃_ in Mrs.
Hemans, _The Song of Night_ (vi. 94):
_I come to thee, O Earth!
With all my gifts!--for every flower sweet dew
In bell, and urn, and chalice, to renew
The glory of its birth._
Sometimes verses are used partly of unequal length: _a₃ b₅ b₃ a₄_ in M.
Arnold, _A Nameless Epitaph_ (p. 232), or _a₅ b₂ b₄ a₅_, _a b b₄ a₃_,
&c. (cf. _Metrik_, ii, § 325).
§ =258.= Stanzas of this kind frequently occur with crossed rhymes. Most
commonly two longer verses are placed between two shorter ones, or vice
versa; thus we have the formula _a₃ b a₅ b₃_ in Southey's _The Ebb-Tide_
(ii. 193):
_Slowly thy flowing tide
Came in, old Avon! scarcely did mine eyes,
As watchfully I roam'd thy green-wood side,
Perceive its gentle rise._
Other forms are _a₂ b a₃ b₂_, _a₄ b a₅ b₄_, _a₅ b a₄ b₅_ (cf. _Metrik_,
ii, § 326).
Three isometrical verses and one shorter or longer end-verse can also be
so connected, as e.g. on the scheme _a b a₄ b₂_ in Pope, _Ode on
Solitude_ (p. 45):
_Happy the man whose wish and care
A few paternal acres bound,
Content to breathe his native air,
In his own ground_;
or in Cowper on the model _a b a₄ b₅_ in _Divine Love endures no Rival_
(p. 418):
_Love is the Lord whom I obey,
Whose will transported I perform;
The centre of my rest, my stay,
Love's all in all to me, myself a worm._
Similar stanzas both with this and other arrangements of rhymes (as e.
g. _a b a₅ b₃_, _a b a₄ b₂_, _a b a₃ b₅_) are very popular. A specimen
of the first of these formulas is found in M. Arnold's _Progress_ (p.
252), and one of the second in his _A Southern Night_ (p. 294). For
other examples see _Metrik_, ii, §§ 326-7.
More rarely a short verse begins the stanza (e.g. _a₃ b a b₅_ in
Mrs. Hemans, _The Wish_, vi. 249), or is placed in the middle on the
scheme _a₅ b₂ a b₅_ (as in G. Herbert, _Church Lock and Key_,
p. 61). For specimens see _Metrik_, ii, §§ 328, 329.
Stanzas of one isometrical and another anisometrical half are not
frequently met with; a specimen of the form _a b₄ a₅ b₂_ is
found in G. Herbert's _Employment_ (p. 51).
More common are stanzas of two anisometrical halves; in this case either
the two middle or the isolated verses are generally isometrical; e.g. on
the scheme _a₅ b a₄ b₃_ in G. Herbert, _The Temper_ (p. 49):
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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