A History of English VersificationSchipper, J. (Jakob)
History
A History of English Versification
Schipper, J. (Jakob)
English language -- Versification; English poetry -- History and criticism
_How well I know what I mean to do
When the long dark autumn evenings come;
And where, my soul, is thy pleasant hue?
With the music of all thy voices, dumb
In life's November too!_
There are many other forms, sometimes very complicated, as e.g. _a b a
b₄ a₃_, _a b₄ a₂ b a₆_, _a₃ b a₄ b₃ a₅_, &c. (For examples see _Metrik_,
ii, § 335.)
§ =260.= The tail-rhyme stanzas shortened by one verse occupy an
important position among the five-lined stanzas.
These curtailed forms occur as early as the Middle English period, e.g.
in an envoi on the model _a a₄ b₂ a₄ b₂_, forming the conclusion of a
poem in six-lined stanzas (_a a a₄ b₂ a₄ b₂_), printed in Wright's
_Spec. of Lyr. Poetry_, p. 38.
_Ich wolde ich were a þrestelcok,
A bountyng oþer a lauerok.
Swete bryd!
Bituene hire curtel ant hire smok
Y wolde ben hyd._
In Modern English the common form of stanza is much employed, consisting
of four- and three-foot verses, _a a₄ b₃ a₄ b₃_; there are many
varieties of this scheme, as _a a b a₄ b₃_, _a₅ a b₄ a₅ b₃_, _a a₂ b a₄
b₃_, &c. (cf. _Metrik_, ii, § 336).
A similar form, with shortening in the first half-stanza, also occurs in
Middle English poetry, though only as an envoi of another form of
stanza, viz, in the _Towneley Mysteries_ (pp. 34-323):
_Vnwunne haueþ myn wonges wet,
Þat makeþ me rouþes rede;
Ne sem i nout þer y am set,
Þer me calleþ me fule flet
And waynoun! wayteglede._
This stanza is also frequently used in Modern English, e.g. by Thomas
Moore, _Nay, do not weep_.
A similar stanza on the model _a₄ b₂ a a₄ b₂_ is used by Moore in _Echo_
(ii. 211):
_How sweet the answer Echo makes
To music at night,
When, roused by lute or horn, she wakes,
And far away, o'er lawns and lakes,
Goes answering light._
We find specimens of this stanza consisting of other metres and of
different structure (isometrical in the first half-stanza), e.g. on
the schemes _a₅ b₃ a a₅ b₃_, _a b a a₄ b₃_, &c. (For specimens see
_Metrik_, ii, § 337.)
Stanzas of this kind are also formed with three rhymes, e.g. _a b₃ c c₂
b₄_, _a b₃ c c₂ b₃_, _a ~ b₄ c ~ c ~₂ b₄_, &c. (For specimens cf.
_Metrik_, ii, § 338.)
Another class of shortened tail-rhyme stanzas, which is deficient not in
one of the rhyming couplets, but in one of the tail-verses, comes in
here. Omission of the first tail-verse, producing a stanza on the scheme
_a a b b c_, occurs in Wordsworth, _The Blind Highland Boy_ (ii. 368):
_Now we are tired of boisterous joy,
Have romped enough, my little Boy!
Jane hangs her head upon my breast,
And you shall bring your stool and rest;
This corner is your own._
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account