A History of English VersificationSchipper, J. (Jakob)
History
A History of English Versification
Schipper, J. (Jakob)
English language -- Versification; English poetry -- History and criticism
_Sche =k=ólled it ful =k=índly | and áskes is náme._ W. 69;
and there are even found a certain number of verses without any
alliteration at all in _Joseph of Arimathie_:
_Whan Jóseph hérde þer-of, | he bád hem not demáyȝen._ J. A. 31.
In such cases it may sometimes be noticed that a line which has no
internal alliteration is linked by alliteration with a preceding or with
a following line, in the same way as was to be observed already in the
last century of the Old English period (cf. p. 50):
_Bot on the =C=ristynmes dáye, | whene they were álle =s=émblyde,
That =c=ómliche =c=ónquerour | =c=ómmaundez hym =s=elvyne._
Morte Arth. 70-1.
Again an excess of alliteration is found, which happens in different
ways, either by admitting four alliterative sounds in one line
(_a a a a_) as was sometimes done even in Old English:
_In a =s=ómer =s=éson | when =s=ófte was þe =s=ónne._ P. P. Prol. 1;
or by retaining the same alliterative sound in several consecutive
lines, e.g.:
_þenne was =C=ónscience i=c=léþet | to =c=ómen and apéeren_
_tofore the =k=ýng and his =c=óunsel, | =c=lérkes and óþure._
_=k=néolynge =C=ónscience | to the =k=ýng lóutede._
ib. iii. 109-11;
or, finally, by allowing the somewhat more strongly accented syllables
of the theses to participate in the alliteration:
_and was a =b=íg =b=old =b=árn | and =b=réme of his áge._ W. 18.
By the increasing use of this kind of alliteration it ultimately
degenerated so much that the real nature of it was completely forgotten.
This is evident from the general advice which King James VI gives in his
_Revlis and Cavtelis to be observit and eschewit in Scottis Poesie_
(Arber's Reprint, p. 63):
Let all your verse be _Literall_, sa far as may be, quhatsumeuer kynde
they be of, but speciallie _Tumbling_ verse [evidently the
alliterative line] for flyting. Be _Literall_ I meane, that the maist
pairt of your lyne sall rynne vpon a letter, as this tumbling lyne
rynnis vpon F.
_Fetching fade for to feid it fast furth of the Farie._[108]
He then gives a description of this kind of verse which makes it evident
that he looked upon 'tumbling verse' as a rhythm of two beats in each
hemistich or four beats in the full line, for he says:
Ȝe man observe that thir Tumbling verse flowis not on that fassoun
as vtheris dois. For all vtheris keipis the reule quhilk I gave
before, to wit the first fute short the secound lang and sa furth.
Quhair as thir hes twa short and are lang throuch all the lyne quhen
they keip ordour, albeit the maist pairt of thame be out of ordour
and keipis na kynde nor reule of Flowing and for that cause are
callit Tumbling verse.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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