A History of Epidemics in Britain, Volume 2 (of 2): From the Extinction of Plague to the Present TimeCreighton, Charles
History
A History of Epidemics in Britain, Volume 2 (of 2): From the Extinction of Plague to the Present Time
Creighton, Charles
Epidemics -- Great Britain -- History
Some facts and traditions of the Seven Ill Years were recorded nearly
a century after in the Statistical Account of Scotland. From the Kirk
Session records of the parish of Fordyce, Banffshire, it did not
appear “that any public measures were pursued for the supply of the
poor, nor anything uncommon done by the Session except towards the
end. The common distribution of the collections of the church amounted
only to about 1_s._ 2_d._ or 1_s._ 4_d._ weekly.” The Kirk Session
records bore witness to the numerous cases of immorality in the years
before the famine that had been dealt with ecclesiastically, and to
the entire and speedy cessation of such cases thereafter[78].
The account for the parish of Keithhall and Kinkell, Aberdeenshire,
says that “many died of want, in particular ten Highlanders in a
neighbouring parish, that of Kemnay; so that the Session got a bier
made to carry them to the grave, not being able to afford coffins for
such a number[79].” In the upland parish of Montquhitter, in the same
county, the dear years reduced the population by one half or more.
Until 1709 many farms were waste. Of sixteen families that resided on
the estate of Lettertie, thirteen were extinguished. The account of
this parish contains several stories of the distress, with the names
of individuals[80]. It is clear, however, that all the parishes of
Scotland were not equally distressed. The county of Moray and “some of
the best land along the east coast of Buchan and Formartine
[Aberdeenshire] abounded with seed and bread;” but transport to the
upland parishes was difficult[81].
We may take it that these experiences in the reign of William III. were
peculiar to Scotland; even Ireland, which had troubles enough of the same
kind in the 18th and 19th centuries, was at that time resorted to as a
place of refuge by the distressed Scots. Among the special and temporary
causes in Scotland were antiquated agricultural usage, an almost
incredible proportion of the people in a state of lawless vagrancy, such
as Henry VIII. and Elizabeth had to deal with a century and a half before,
a low state of morals, both commercial and private, a tyrannical
disposition of the employers, a sullen attitude of the labourers, and a
total decay of the spirit of charity. An ancient elder of the parish of
Fordyce, who kept some traditions of the dear years, remarked to the
minister: “If the same precautions had been taken at that time which he
had seen taken more lately in times of scarcity, the famine would not have
done so much hurt, nor would so many have perished.”
The evil of vagrancy, for which Fletcher of Saltoun saw no remedy but a
state of slavery not unlike that which Protector Somerset had actually
made the law of England for a couple of years, 1547-49, in somewhat
similar circumstances, gradually cured itself without a resort to the
practices of antiquity or of barbarism.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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