Xen. _Mem._ iii. 4. 6 ff., especially 12; _Econ._ xx; Plato _Pol._ 259 B-C; cf., on this passage, Espinas, _Revue des Etudes Grecques_, XXVII (1914), 105; cf. Ruskin: “Economy no more means saving money than it means spending money. It means the administration of a house” (_A Joy Forever_, I, 8, Allen ed., London, 1912, Vol. XVI, 19). We shall frequently quote from this monumental edition of Ruskin. Footnote 6: _Pol._ i. 1. 2: ὅσοι μὲν οὖν οἵονται πολιτικὸν καὶ βασιλικὸν καὶ οἰκονομικὸν καὶ δεσποτικὸν εἶναι τὸν αὐτόν, οὐ καλῶς λέγουσιν. Footnote 7: _Political Thought of Plato and Aristotle_, p. 357; cf. Zmavc, _Zeitschr. f. d. gesammt. Staatswissenschaft_, 1902, pp. 59 f., and his references to Boeckh, Meyer, and Beloch; Kautz, _Die Gesch. d. Entwickelung der National Ökonomik_, p. 133, n. 5; for note on the authorship of the _Revenues_, cf. _infra_, p. 63, n. 2. Footnote 8: Ingram, _History of Political Economy_, p. 12; cf. Souchon, _Les Théories économiques dans la Grèce antique_, p. 34. Footnote 9: Cf. Souchon, _op. cit._, pp. 31 ff. Footnote 10: Cf. V. Brants, _Xenophon Economiste_, reprint from _Revue Catholique de Louvain_, 1881, pp. 4 ff. Footnote 11: Ely, _Studies in Historical and Political Science_, 2d series, pp. 48 ff., especially p. 64, where he states that it is a return to the Greek view. Footnote 12: Ely, _Outlines of Economics_, 1908, pp. 4 ff.; cf. Seligman, _Principles of Economy_, (1905), pp. 4 ff., especially p. 14, where he even quotes the sentences of Ruskin with approval: “There is no wealth but life”; “Nor can anything be wealth except to a noble person” (_Unto This Last_, IV, 77 [Vol. XVII, 105]). All citations will be from the Allen library edition unless otherwise stated. Footnote 13: Schoenberg, _Handbuch der polit. Econ._ (1890), I, 56. Footnote 14: Haney, _History of Economic Thought_, p. 52; cf. Ely, _op. cit._, p. 48, n. 1, cited in n. 1, above, for a similar definition based on Plato. Footnote 15: Kautz (_op. cit._, p. 57) goes to the extreme of saying that antiquity represents “die Negation der ökonomischen Interessen und der wirtschaftlichen Arbeit.” Footnote 16: Even abolition of debts and redivision of lands were not unknown in Greek history. Grote (_History of Greece_, III, 105 f. and notes) denies this, but the heliastic oath, which he cites (Dem. _Adv. Timoc._ 746, and Dio Chrysost. Or. xxxi. 332), proves that such measures were agitated, or there would be no reason for protective measures. Cf. _infra_, Plato (_Laws_, 736E), who takes this for granted. Cf. Solon’s Fragments; Isoc. (_Panath._ 259) says that it would be hard to find a Greek state, except Sparta, that has not fallen into “the accustomed accidents,” viz., στάσιν, σφαγάς, φυγὰς ἀνόμους, ἁρπαγὰς χρημάτων, χρεῶν ἀποκοπάς, γῆς ἀναδασμόν, etc. Footnote 17: Cf. _infra._ for citations and qualifications.