1 Criticism of Buddhism and Sâ@mkhya from the Nyâya standpoint...274 2 Nyâya and Vais'e@sika sûtras...................................276 3 Does Vais'e@sika represent an old school of Mîmâ@msâ?..........280 4 Philosophy in the Vais'e@sika sûtras...........................285 5 Philosophy in the Nyâya sûtras.................................294 6 Philosophy of Nyâya sûtras and Vais'e@sika sûtras..............301 7 The Vais'e@sika and Nyâya Literature...........................305 8 The main doctrine of the Nyâya-Vais'e@sika Philosophy..........310 9 The six Padârthas: Dravya, Gu@na, Karma, Sâmânya, Vis'e@sa, Samavâya........................................................313 10 The Theory of Causation.......................................319 11 Dissolution (Pralaya) and Creation (S@r@s@ti).................323 12 Proof of the Existence of Is'vara.............................325 13 The Nyâya-Vais'e@sika Physics.................................326 14 The Origin of Knowledge (Pramâ@na)............................330 15 The four Pramâ@nas of Nyâya...................................332 16 Perception (Pratyak@sa).......................................333 17 Inference.....................................................343 18 Upamâna and S'abda............................................354 19 Negation in Nyâya-Vais'e@sika.................................355 20 The necessity of the Acquirement of debating devices for the seeker of Salvation.........................................360 21 The Doctrine of Soul..........................................362 22 Îs'vara and Salvation.........................................363 xvi CHAPTER IX MÎMÂ@MSÂ PHILOSOPHY 1 A Comparative Review...........................................367 2 The Mîmâ@msâ Literature........................................369 3 The Parata@h-prâmâ@nya doctrine of Nyâya and the Svata@h-prâmâ@nya doctrine of Mîmâ@msâ..........................372 4 The place of Sense-organs in Perception........................375 5 Indeterminate and Determinate Perception.......................378 6 Some Ontological Problems connected with the Doctrine of Perception......................................................379 7 The Nature of Knowledge........................................382 8 The Psychology of Illusion.....................................384 9 Inference......................................................387 10 Upamâna, Arthâpatti...........................................391 11 S'abda-pramâ@na...............................................394 12 The Pramâ@na of Non-perception (anupalabdhi)..................397 13 Self, Salvation, and God......................................399 14 Mîmâ@msâ as Philosophy and Mimâ@msâ as Ritualism..............403 CHAPTER X THE S'A@NKARA SCHOOL OF VEDÂNTA