Prentis, History of Kansas, pp. 31-41. Andreas, History of Kansas, pp. 49-53. Coues, Expedition of Zebulon Montgomery Pike. Blackmar, Kansas, vol. II. Historical Collections, vol. IX, p. 574; vol. VII, pp. 261-317; vol. VI, p. 325; vol. X, pp. 15-159. QUESTIONS 1. What was known of the Louisiana Purchase at the time it was acquired by the United States? 2. Who were Lewis and Clark? Give an account of their expedition as it related to Kansas. 3. What route was Pike instructed to take? 4. Describe Pike’s visit to the Osages. His visit to the Pawnees. By what other name do we know the Pawnees? 5. Give an account of the remainder of Pike’s journey. 6. What was Pike’s opinion of the Kansas country? Long’s opinion? Washington Irving’s opinion? 7. How much of Kansas did the Louisiana Purchase include? 8. What Indian tribes lived within the present bounds of Kansas? Locate and tell something of each. 9. When was Kansas Territory organized? How long was this after the Louisiana purchase? 10. What use did the white people make of Kansas during this period? [Illustration: THE SANTA FE AND OREGON TRAILS, AND EARLY LINES OF RAILROAD, THROUGH KANSAS.] CHAPTER IV KANSAS AS A PATHWAY =Mexico a Century Ago.= Nearly three centuries passed from the time Cortez led the Spaniards into Mexico until Kansas became a part of the United States. During those years Spanish settlements had increased in number until at the time of Pike’s expedition Mexico included most of what is now California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado. =Old Santa Fe.= Santa Fe, said to be the second oldest city in the United States, was the most important point on the northern frontier of Mexico. In those days it was not like the busy American Santa Fe of to-day. It had about two thousand inhabitants, practically all Spaniards, and they lived in little adobe houses arranged around a public square after the manner of Spanish cities. =Origin of the Santa Fe Trail.= The “Great American Desert” lay between Santa Fe and the settlements of the western border of the United States. But Captain Pike’s interesting descriptions of the wealth and resources of the Spanish country stirred up enthusiasm, and Americans began to make their way across the plains to trade with the Spaniards. Santa Fe soon became an important trading point for all of northeastern Mexico. The traders, on their journeys to the Spanish city, wore a pathway that crossed the length of Kansas. This pathway came to be called the “Santa Fe Trail.”