The suborder Pecora of the Artiodactyla is represented in the Neotropical region only by the deer family (_Cervidæ_), of which there are several genera (or subgenera), all of them North American as distinguished from the Old World type, but some are so peculiar that they must have had a relatively long South American ancestry. The Virginia Deer (_Odocoileus virginianus_) of the northern United States is a comparatively large animal, becoming much smaller in Florida and the Southwest. The type extends through Mexico and Central America to Guiana and Peru, the Neotropical forms being so small and having such weak antlers that they are referred to separate species. Another type is the Marsh Deer (_Blastoceros paludosus)_ of eastern South America, which has short, stout antlers, each beam with two double bifurcations; there are other species of the same genus, such as the Pampas Deer of Argentina (_B. bezoarticus_). In the Andes of Peru and Chili and the forests of western Patagonia are two species of a genus which bears the preposterous name of _Hippocamelus_ and in which the antlers are simply forked. The vernacular name of these animals is “Huemul.” Peculiarly Neotropical are the little brockets, which hardly exceed a height of two feet at the shoulder, with simple spike-like antlers not more than three inches long; the genus, _Mazama_, has several species, one of which occurs as far north as the state of Puebla in Mexico. “The smallest of all deer is the Chilian pudu (_Pudua pudu_), a creature not much larger than a hare, with almost rudimentary antlers” (Lydekker). Old World types of deer, such as the Wapiti, Moose and Caribou, of the Boreal and Transition zones of North America, are entirely absent from the Neotropical region. [Illustration: FIG. 102.—Wood Brocket (_Mazama nemorivagus_).—By permission of W. S. Berridge, London.] [Illustration: FIG. 103.—Brazilian Tree Porcupine (_Coendou prehensilis_).—By permission of the N.Y. Zoölog. Soc.]