Of ultimately Old World origin, but through a considerable line of descent in America, were the typically American deer (_Odocoileus_) of which the Virginian and Black-tailed species are familiar modern instances. Whether or not the Old World types, the Caribou (_Rangifer_) and Wapiti (_Cervus canadensis_) had reached the western hemisphere, is a matter of some doubt; if present at all, they must have been comparatively rare. The Moose (_Alce americanus_), on the other hand, had already appeared, but seems to have been confined to the western half of the continent, its presence in the east being questionable. The mistakenly named “Rocky Mountain Goat” (_Oreamnos montanus_), which is an antelope of the chamois group, was an apparently late arrival in the Pleistocene, while the peculiar Prong-Buck (_Antilocapra americana_), which is very different from any of the Old World antelopes, was present in the early part of the epoch. The descent of this remarkable animal is still a problem, but not improbably it was derived from the “deer-antelopes” of the Miocene and Pliocene, the last of which occurred in the early Pleistocene. Mr. Gidley has announced the surprising discovery in Maryland of a large antelope hardly distinguishable from the African Eland (_Taurotragus_). Other late arrivals from the Old World were several forms allied to the existing Musk Ox (_Ovibos_), at least two genera of which (_†Preptoceras_ and _†Euceratherium_) have been found in California. A surprising number of species of _Bison_ occurred in the Pleistocene, no less than seven of which are recognized as distinct, ranging from Florida to Alaska. It is not likely that all these species coexisted at the same time, but we cannot yet determine their order of succession, though the modern species, _B. bison_, was probably the latest to arise. Most of these species were much larger than _B. bison_, and some were gigantic, such as _B. †latifrons_, which had a spread of horns of 6 feet and is found through the Mississippi Valley, and _B. †crassicornis_ of Alaska. [Illustration: FIG. 116.—Restoration of _†Preptoceras_, a musk-ox like animal from the Californian Pleistocene. (From a skeleton in the museum of the University of California.)]