A history of land mammals in the western hemisphereScott, William Berryman
History
A history of land mammals in the western hemisphere
Scott, William Berryman
Mammals; Mammals, Fossil
[Illustration: FIG. 181.—Left manus of †cursorial rhinoceroses. _A_,
_†Triplopus cubitalis_ (after Cope), upper Bridger. _B_, _†Hyracodon
nebrascensis_, White River.]
As in the case of so many other mammalian series, the †hyracodonts of the
but partially explored Uinta formation are still very imperfectly known.
Almost all that can be positively stated about them is that they were
smaller than their White River successors and that the assumption of the
molar-pattern by the premolars was incomplete. In the upper Bridger beds
also not very much is known regarding the then representatives of the
series, (_†Triplopus_). So much is clear, however, that they were still
smaller and lighter animals, that the limbs were very light, and that the
number of digits in the fore foot had already been reduced to three, the
only known Bridger perissodactyl of which this is true, all the others
having four digits in the manus and three in the pes.
[Illustration: FIG. 182.—Primitive †cursorial rhinoceros (_†Hyrachyus
eximius_), lower Bridger. Restored from a skeleton in the American Museum
of Natural History.]
In the middle and lower Bridger, and even in the Wind River, occurs a
genus (_†Hyrachyus_) which contained a large number of species, ranging
in size from a full-grown modern tapir to creatures no larger than foxes.
It is among these smaller species that the most ancient member of the
†hyracodont line is to be sought, though it is not yet practicable to
select any particular one. _†Hyrachyus_, indeed, may very possibly have
contained among its many species the ancestors of all three lines of the
rhinoceroses and rhinoceros-like animals, and thus formed the starting
point from which they developed in diverging series. It is always a very
significant fact when two or more groups approach one another the more
closely, the farther back in time they are traced, because that can only
be interpreted to mean that ultimately they converged into a common
term, even though that common ancestor should elude discovery.
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