A history of land mammals in the western hemisphereScott, William Berryman
History
A history of land mammals in the western hemisphere
Scott, William Berryman
Mammals; Mammals, Fossil
The skeleton is far from being merely the mechanical frame-work of the
animal. Such a frame-work it is, of course, but it is much more than
that; it is the living and growing expression of the entire organism and
is modified, not only by age, but by the conditions of the environment
and accidental circumstances as well. The bones of the same individual
differ very materially in early youth, maturity and old age; so long as
the animal lives, its bones are perpetually changing, slowly it is true,
but with ready response to needs. Not only that, but dislocated bones
may and frequently do develop entirely new joints, and their internal
structure is remodelled to meet the requirements of stresses differing
in character or direction from those of normal, uninjured bones. The
general form and proportions of any mammal are determined chiefly by its
muscular system and this may be directly and confidently inferred from
its skeleton, for the muscles which are of importance in this connection
are attached to the bones and leave their indelible and unmistakable
mark upon them. In any good text-book of anatomy this extremely intimate
relation of bone and muscle is made clear; and it is shown how each
attachment of muscle, tendon and ligament is plainly indicated by rough
lines, ridges, projections or depressions, which speak a language
intelligible enough to those who have learned to interpret it. Given the
skeleton, it is no very difficult task to reconstruct the muscular system
in sufficient detail. Further, the teeth afford valuable information
as to the food, habits and appearance of the animal, for the bulk of
the viscera, a significant element in the general form, is principally
conditioned by the character of the diet.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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